1. IH&S 725 Dr. Myers, C.I.H. Developing the Sampling Strategy Lecture Notes

2. IH&S 725 Dr. Myers C.I.H. Purpose and goal of the sampling strategy Accurately and as completely as possible document worker exposure profiles, control equipment performance, environmental release, etc

3. IH&S 725 Dr. Myers C.I.H. Outcomes of developing a good sampling strategy You will  Collect exposure data suitable for your needs  Reduce chances of unnecessary, wasteful sampling  Produce sampling data that is representative and accurately analyzed  Develop recommendations based upon sound data analysis

4. IH&S 725 Dr. Myers C.I.H. Key steps to develop and conduct the sampling strategy 1.Recognition of potential exposures by agent and worker group to form SEG. 2.Develop basis to prioritize evaluation 3.Selection of instruments and analytical methods to do the evaluation 4.Quality assurance of sampling and analytical instruments

5. IH&S 725 Dr. Myers C.I.H. Key steps to develop and conduct the sampling strategy 5.Determine sample parameters consistent with the purpose and scope of the survey 6.Data reduction and interpretation suitable for and consistent with the stated purpose of the survey

6. IH&S 725 Dr. Myers, C.I.H. Developing the basis to prioritize evaluation

7. IH&S 725 Dr. Myers C.I.H. Use of risk assessment principles Risk assessment is a multidimensional problem  exposure levels, health consequences of over exposure, whether the risk is voluntarily accepted, whether the perception is that alternate risks are higher, the immediacy of consequences if the risk is accepted, and who is at risk

8. IH&S 725 Dr. Myers C.I.H. Use of risk assessment principles Two parameter generally suffice to manage an occupational air sampling strategy  Exposure ranking and  Health effect ranking Sometimes the number of workers potentially exposed is also an important parameter

9. IH&S 725 Dr. Myers C.I.H. Exposure ranking Exposure ranking is a monotonic semi- subjective scale  available air sampling data, and or  on process models that predict both airborne concentrations and their frequency of occurrence Scale can be defined for each agent

10. IH&S 725 Dr. Myers C.I.H. Health effects ranking Based on the consequences of exposure to the agent Constructed on a semi-subjective scale Scale can be tailored to fit different situations

11. IH&S 725 Dr. Myers C.I.H. Example 1 of an exposure ranking scheme based on level of control RankExposure Description Classification Basis 0None/trivialwork with closed systems 1Lowinfrequent exposure under controlled conditions, such as work in a lab hood, handling small amounts of material 2Moderatesporadic exposure with ventilation 3Highexposure to an open process such as material loading, unloading 4Very highuncontrolled exposures, such as sand blasting, chipping and grinding of paint

12. IH&S 725 Dr. Myers C.I.H. Example 2 of an exposure ranking scheme based on level of the OEL RankExposure Description Classification Basis 0None/trivialObserved or potential exposure < 10% of the OEL 1LowObserved or potential exposure < the AL or 50% of the OEL 2ModerateFrequent exposure at concentrations below the AL or infrequent exposure at concentrations between the AL and OEL 3HighFrequent exposure at concentrations near the OEL or infrequent exposure at concentrations > the OEL 4Very highFrequent exposure at concentrations > the OEL

13. IH&S 725 Dr. Myers C.I.H. Example 1 of a health effects ranking scheme RankExposure Description Classification Basis 0None/trivialnuisance materials e.g., non toxic dust 1Lowlittle effect, transient irritation 2Moderatereversible, non-serious effects e.g. eye irritation 3Highnon-reversible serious effects e.g. corrosives, sensitizers, etc…. 4Very highChronic effects or fast acting life threatening chemicals e.g. carcinogens, cyanides, etc….

14. IH&S 725 Dr. Myers C.I.H. Example 2 of a health effects ranking scheme RankExposure Description Classification Basis 0None/trivialNo known permanent health effects; no treatment needed; no sick leave involved 1MildReversible health effects with suspected consequences; medical treatment usually not required; sick leave seldom needed 2SeriousSevere reversible health effects; medical treatment needed for recovery; sick leave or lost time involved 3CriticalNon-reversible health effects; not treatable; new life style required to adapt to the disability 4IDLHLife threatening or totally disabling injury or illness

15. IH&S 725 Dr. Myers C.I.H. Sampling priorities: Example 1 Based on of the exposure ranking and the health effects ranking scales can very low/trivial, low, medium, high or very high

16. IH&S 725 Dr. Myers C.I.H. Sampling priorities: Example 2 Health EffectSampling Priority 4MHHVH 3LMHH 2LMMHH 1TLMMH 0TTLLM Exposure01234

17. IH&S 725 Dr. Myers C.I.H. Resource allocation: example budget proportions for assessment & control RiskBudgetSamplingIntervention Very high55%11%44% High24%5%19% Moderate12%3%9% Low6%2%4% Very low3%1%2%