1. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

2. Chapter 2: Constitutional Foundations  Views of the Constitution  Checking Power with Power  Judicial Review and the “Guardians of the Constitution”  Informal Change: the Unwritten Constitution  Changing the Letter of the Constitution

3. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Chapter Outline and Learning Objective Views of the Constitution LO 2.1 Describe the basic structure of the Constitution and its Bill of Rights. Checking Power with Power LO 2.2 Analyze how the Constitution grants, limits, separates, and balances governmental power.

4. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Chapter Outline and Learning Objective Judicial Review and the “Guardians of the Constitution” LO 2.3 Show how the use of judicial review strengthens the courts in a separation of powers system. Informal Change: The Unwritten Constitution LO 2.4 Illustrate how the Constitution has evolved through changes in the informal, unwritten Constitution.

5. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Chapter Outline and Learning Objective Changing the Letter of the Constitution LO 2.5 Outline the processes by which formal changes to the Constitution can be made.

6. Views of the Constitution LO 2.1 Describe the basic structure of the Constitution and its Bill of Rights. Article I – bicameral Congress Article II – presidency Article III – Supreme Court Article IV – federalism Article V – amending process Article VI – supremacy clause Article VII – ratification Bill of Rights LO 2.1 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

7. Checking Power with Power LO 2.2 Analyze how the Constitution grants, limits, separates, and balances governmental power. Federalism Certain powers to the national government and reserved the rest for the states Checks national power with state power Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman LO 2.2 Back to learning objectives

8. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Checking Power with Power Separation of Powers Three branches get power Legislative – makes law Executive – applies law Judicial – interprets law LO 2.2 Back to learning objectives

9. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Checking Power with Power Checks and Balances Ambition to counteract ambition Overlapping power LO 2.2 Back to learning objectives

10. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Checking Power with Power National Political Parties and Interest Groups Expansion of Electorate and the Move Toward More Direct Democracy Changes in Technology The Growth of Presidential Power LO 2.2 Back to learning objectives

11. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman LO 2.2 Back to learning objectives

12. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman LO 2.2 Back to learning objectives

13. Judicial Review and the “Guardians of the Constitution” LO 2.3 Show how the use of judicial review strengthens the courts in a separation of powers system. Judicial Review Origins of Judicial Review Federalists supported judicial review Marbury v.Madison (1803) Judiciary becomes the guardian Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman LO 2.3 Back to learning objectives

14. Informal Change: The Unwritten Constitution LO 2.4 Illustrate how the Constitution has evolved through changes in the informal, unwritten Constitution. Congressional Elaboration Presidential Practices Judicial Interpretation Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman LO 2.4 Back to learning objectives

15. Changing the Letter of the Constitution LO 2.5 Outline the processes by which formal changes to the Constitution can be made. Changing the Letter Approaches Originalist Adaptive Proposing Amendments Ratifying Amendments Ratification Politics Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman LO 2.4 Back to learning objectives

16. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman LO 2.4 Back to learning objectives

17. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman LO 2.4 Back to learning objectives

18. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman LO 2.4 Back to learning objectives

19. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Article ___ establishes a Supreme Court. A.I B.II C.III D.IV LO 2.1 Back to learning objectives

20. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Article ___ establishes a Supreme Court. A.I B.II C.III D.IV LO 2.1 Back to learning objectives

21. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Checks are ____ used between branches. A.Never B.Infrequently C.Relatively frequently D.Very often LO 2.2 Back to learning objectives

22. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Checks are ____ used between branches. A.Never B.Infrequently C.Relatively frequently D.Very often LO 2.2 Back to learning objectives

23. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman ___ was a judge who did not get his commission and petitioned the Supreme Court. The case led to judicial review. A.Madison B.Marbury C.Jefferson D.Marshall LO 2.3 Back to learning objectives

24. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman ___ was a judge who did not get his commission and petitioned the Supreme Court. The case led to judicial review. A.Madison B.Marbury C.Jefferson D.Marshall LO 2.3 Back to learning objectives

25. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman ___ is an example of congressional elaboration. A.Executive order B.Judicial review C.Impeachment D.All of the above LO 2.4 Back to learning objectives

26. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman ___ is an example of congressional elaboration. A.Executive order B.Judicial review C.Impeachment D.All of the above LO 2.4 Back to learning objectives

27. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The ___ approach entails the strictest reading of the Constitution. A.Originalist B.Adaptive C.Libertarian D.All of the above LO 2.4 Back to learning objectives

28. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The ___ approach entails the strictest reading of the Constitution. A.Originalist B.Adaptive C.Libertarian D.All of the above LO 2.4 Back to learning objectives

29. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Text Credits 54: From “Obama More Popular Abroad Than at Home, Global Image of U.S. Continues to Benefit” July 2010, by Pew Global Attitudes Project. Copyright (c) 2010 by Pew Global Attitudes Project, a project of the Pew Research Center. Reprinted with permission.

30. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Photo Credits 42: Mark Wilson/Getty Images 44: Massimo Borchi/Corbis 45: Bettmann/Corbis 49: Joe Raedle/Getty Images 50: Jason DeCrow/AP Photo 52: The Granger Collection, New York 55: U.S. Senate/AP Photo 58: Image Works/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images 61: AP Photo