1. The Moon

2. Formation Formed about 4.5 billion years ago. A large object hit Earth and caused large and small chunks to be removed. – The moon is lower in density because most of the heavy metals on Earth had already sunk to the core when impact happened. These chunks coalesced into the moon.

3. Formation The moon was bombarded over time by small body space objects causing craters to form. Larger bombardments caused lava flows causing plateaus, river valley formations, and seas or plains. – Ancient lava flows appear darker in color on the surface on the near side and are called maria or seas. – Some happened as recent as when dinosaurs roamed the Earth. The crust on the near side of the moon is thinner than the crust on the far side of the moon because of magma ocean tidal pull from the Earth during its formation.

4. Formation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hahpE8b 6fDI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hahpE8b 6fDI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UIKmSQq p8wY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UIKmSQq p8wY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2iSZMv6 4wuU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2iSZMv6 4wuU

5. Moon Phases New moon every 29.5 days Orbits Earth in a counterclockwise motion The moon orbits and revolves at the same rate, so the same side is always facing us.

6. Moon Phases

7. Eclipses The moon’s orbit is tilted 5 ° off of the ecliptic plane causing infrequent, but predictable eclipses. Solar Eclipse = the Sun gets blocked from view by the Moon. Lunar Eclipse = the Moon gets blocked from sunlight by Earth. We would have higher high tides during eclipses.

8. Eclipses

9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVE8PFYl wSM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVE8PFYl wSM

10. Tides Daily changes in the elevation of ocean surfaces. Caused by gravitational forces of celestial bodies - the Sun and the Moon. The moon causes a bulge on Earth on the side nearest the moon and an equal size bulge on the opposite side of Earth. The Sun’s tide generating effect is only about 46% that of the moon.

11. Spring Tides Occur during New and Full Moons Sun, Moon, and Earth are aligned so forces are added together Causes higher high tides and lower low tides.

12. Spring Tides

13. Neap Tides First and Third quarter moon phases. Sun and Moon act on right angles and partially offset the other’s influence. Daily tidal range is less.

14. Neap Tides

15. Tides