1. PANGAEA

2. ALFRED WEGENER  German climatologist and geophysicist who, in 1915, published an expanded version of his 1912 book The Origin of Continents and Oceans.  This work was one of the first to suggest continental drift and plate tectonics.  He suggested that a supercontinent he called Pangaea had existed in the past.

3. PANGAEA THEORY  The word 'Pangaea' means 'all lands' in Greek, accurately defining the way the continents were 200 millions years ago before it split up.

4. PANGAEA THEORY  These split-up pieces drifted slowly apart and became the way they are today.  Even until now, the shape of the Earth surface is still changing, and it will be forever, as long as the mantle underneath the Earth's crust gets heated and convection currents in the magma keeps dragging the plates.

5. PANGAEA THEORY  The Pangaea theory was treated with much skepticism when it was first raised.  But since then, there has been much evidence to support this theory.

6. CONTINENTAL COAST LINES APPEARING TO FIT TOGETHER  One prominent example of continental coastline fitting together is to fit the coastline of the West Coast of Africa with the coastline East Coast of South America.  It can be seen that they fit well, like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.  This helps to prove that these continents were once joined together as one whole Pangaea and broke away to form these two land masses now.

7. FOSSIL DISTRIBUTION  Matching fossil of reptiles have been found in Africa and South America, further proving that these two continents were actually so close to each other or even joined, that reptiles could travel to and fro between them easily.  Identical fossil ferns have also been found in all southern continents, and also embedded in the same layer sequence, suggesting the proximity the southern continents were in millions of years ago that allowed the growing of these ferns in the same climate and soil.

8. DISTINCTIVE ROCK STRATA  Geologists have discovered that the geological structures of the rocks in South West Africa and South East Brazil were distinctively identical, and the age of the rocks at these two areas were the same.  This distinctive rock strata shared by the two land masses suggests that these two areas were once joined together.

9. COAL DISTRIBUTION  Coal can be found underneath the cold and dry Antarctic ice cap, though coal can only form in warm and wet conditions.  This could mean that Antarctica was once together with the other continents as part of the Pangaea, and was once in a warm and humid region.  Coal was formed before Antarctica drifted away to its present cold and dry climate.  That is why the coal can be found buried under the thick layer of ice and snow.