1. HOW DO ALL THESE BOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER? PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND SOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA

2. HOW DO ALL THESE BOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER? PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND SOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA North American Plate Movement

3. HOW DO ALL THESE BOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER? PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND SOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA Pacific Plate Movement And Mendico Fault (San Andreas extension)

4. HOW DO ALL THESE BOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER? PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND SOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA SMALL “MID-OCEAN” RIDGES DIVERGENT GORDA RIDGE

5. HOW DO ALL THESE BOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER? PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND SOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA SMALL “MID-OCEAN” RIDGES DIVERGENT JUAN DE FUCA RIDGE

6. HOW DO ALL THESE BOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER? PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND SOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA SMALL “MID-OCEAN” RIDGES DIVERGENT EXPLORER RIDGE

7. HOW DO ALL THESE BOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER? PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND SOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA SEAFLOOR SPREADING AND TRANSFORM FAULT

8. HOW DO ALL THESE BOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER? PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND SOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA SEAFLOOR SPREADING AND TRANSFORM FAULT

9. HOW DO ALL THESE BOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER? PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND SOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA SEAFLOOR SPREADING AND TRANSFORM FAULT

10. HOW DO ALL THESE BOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER? PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND SOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA

12. Seismic data from EarthScope's Transportable Array sharpened existing imaging (left) so that colder (blue) and hotter (red) features in the mantle stand out (right). R A Kerr Science 2013;340:1283-1285 Published by AAAS Western US at a Depth of 90 km

13. PACIFIC NORTHWEST CASCADE MOUNTAI N CASCADE MOUNTAINS PUGET- WILLAMETTE LOWLANDS OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS COAST RANGE NORTH AMERICAN PLATE JUAN DE FUCA PLATE PACIFIC OCEAN

14. PACIFIC NORTHWEST CASCADE MOUNTAI N CASCADE MOUNTAINS PUGET- WILLAMETTE LOWLANDS OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS COAST RANGE NORTH AMERICAN PLATE JUAN DE FUCA PLATE PACIFIC OCEAN HOT LIQUID HOT COOL SOLID 9090

15. Cross sections of northwestern United States at 60, 50, 40, and 0 Ma Schmandt B, and Humphreys E Geology 2011;39:175-178 ©2011 by Geological Society of America

16. NORTH AMERICAN PLATE JUAN DE FUCA PLATE PLATES LOCK IN PLACE

17. BETWEEN EARTHQUAKES NORTH AMERICAN PLATE JUAN DE FUCA PLATE CONVERGENCE CAUSES UPWARD BUCKLING OF COASTAL AREAS Energy stored as in a bent cane.

18. DURING ERTHQUAKES NORTH AMERICAN PLATE JUAN DE FUCA PLATE PLATES UNLOCK Energy in earthquake and tsunami Coastline subsides

19. BETWEEN EARTHQUAKES NORTH AMERICAN PLATE JUAN DE FUCA PLATE Plates lock back together After release of energy by earthquake Coastline slowly Re-emerges.

20. Source: Rhodes, Tuttle, Horton, Doner, Kelsey, Nelson and Cisternas, EOS, 87, May 2006. Tsunami Deposits, Southern Chile. Dark bands are organic soils, lighter greys are marine sands deposited by tsunamis.

21. TSUNAMI MARCH 2011

22. Displacement during Earthquake March 2011. Source: Simons et al., 2011 Science Express

23. PUEGET SOUND 3,500BP Tidal Marsh

24. PUEGET SOUND 3,300BP Earthquake

25. PUEGET SOUND 3,200 BP Emergence

26. PUEGET SOUND 3,000 BP Forested Upland

27. PUEGET SOUND 3,000 BP Earthquake Submersion

28. PUEGET SOUND 2,700 BP Earthquake Submergence

29. PUEGET SOUND 400 Emergence Forest

30. PUEGET SOUND 400 Earthquake Submersion

31. PUEGET SOUND 700 Emergence

32. PUEGET SOUND 700 Earthquake Submersion

33. PUEGET SOUND 900 Emergence

34. PUEGET SOUND 900 Earthquake

35. PUEGET SOUND 1700 Emergence Forested Uplands

36. PUEGET SOUND 1700 Earthquake Submersion

37. Simulation of 1700 Earthquake and Tsunami

38. PUEGET SOUND 2000 Emergence

39. PUEGET SOUND AVERAGE LENGTH OF TIME BETWEEN EARTHQUAKES 300 yrs

40. PUEGET SOUND AVERAGE LENGTH OF TIME BETWEEN EARTHQUAKES 300 yrs 1700 ?

41. SUBSTUTUTE DEPTH FOR TIME TIME DEPTH 1700 900700 900 700 3300BP3000BP 3300BP 3000BP Present