1. DUNGENESS COASTLINE By Tim McMahon Richard Smith

2. Agenda 1. Site Description 2. Geology and Current Problem 3. Possible Options 4. Chosen Solution 5. Conclusion

3. Site Description Map / Location Map / Location Largest example of shingle beaches in UK. Largest example of shingle beaches in UK. 38 km stretch of coastline in Kent and East Sussex. 38 km stretch of coastline in Kent and East Sussex.

4. Site Description Geographical features Geographical features 8 sq.miles of exposed shingle – ‘cuspate’ foreland 8 sq.miles of exposed shingle – ‘cuspate’ foreland Habitat for much wildlife and vegetation Habitat for much wildlife and vegetation Townships in Walland Marsh Townships in Walland Marsh MoD firing ranges MoD firing ranges Power Stations Power Stations Observatory Observatory Agriculture Agriculture Aggregate Aggregate

5. Geology and Problem Formation of Geology Formation of Geology Geomorphologic Process over 4,000 years Geomorphologic Process over 4,000 years Longshore Drift – carries material from West to East Longshore Drift – carries material from West to East Extreme western flank is eroding at 2m per year: 200,000 tonnes of shingle per yr Extreme western flank is eroding at 2m per year: 200,000 tonnes of shingle per yr Three chronological stages: 1) >10,000BC, 2) 1200 – 1800AD, 3) 1700 - present Three chronological stages: 1) >10,000BC, 2) 1200 – 1800AD, 3) 1700 - present Composition: 98% flint Composition: 98% flint

6. Geology and Problem Current Problem Current Problem Deficit of material immediately in front of the nuclear power stations Deficit of material immediately in front of the nuclear power stations If ‘do nothing’, over the next 50 yrs £250,000,000 damage. If ‘do nothing’, over the next 50 yrs £250,000,000 damage. Damage to property Damage to property Loss of MoD Training Facilities Loss of MoD Training Facilities Loss of power stations, and the complete loss of whole towns. Loss of power stations, and the complete loss of whole towns.

7. Possible Options Required Standards Required Standards -Nuclear Power Plant -Surrounding Areas -Environment-Economy-Engineering Do Nothing Do Nothing Continuation of Current Practices Continuation of Current Practices Construction of New Groynes Construction of New Groynes Removal of Rye Harbour Terminal Groyne Removal of Rye Harbour Terminal Groyne Sea Wall Sea Wall

8. Chosen Solution Continuation of Present Practices Continuation of Present Practices How it Works How it Works Advantages Advantages Disadvantages Disadvantages Improvements Improvements

9. Conclusion Geology and its Consequences Geology and its Consequences The Problem The Problem - Long-shore Drift - Nuclear Power Plant - The three E’s The Solution The Solution The Future The Future