1. ANCIENT EGYPT
One of the first great civilizations

2. Introducción en español
By Laura

3. Union of Two Crowns Red Crown White Crown Menes (3000 BC) Unification
Upper Egypt
White Crown
Lower Egypt
Menes (3000 BC)
He dethroned the king of Lower Egypt
He unified both Crowns
Unification
To join separate parts into one whole

4. Timeline Old Kingdom 3000 BC – 2050 BC
Middle Kingdom 2050 BC – 1700 BC
New Kingdom 1550 BC – 1085 BC
Lower Kingdom 1085 BC BC

5. History
Old Kingdom: Egyptians built the pyramids of Giza. Capital: Menfis.
Middle Kingdom: there was a territorial expansion. Capital: Tebas.
New Kingdom: invasion of the Hicsos. There were great pharaohs such as Ramses II.
Lower kingdom: period of decline. Invasions by: The Asiryans, The Persians, The Greeks until Egypt became a Roman province after Cleopatra.

6. Geographical localization
Egypt is located in northeastern Africa
The Nile River runs along the country from the south to the north
The Nile has its source in the mountains of Central Africa and flows into the Mediterranean Sea
The climate is hot and dry, influenced by the Sahara Desert

8. Geography
Ancient Egypt was divided into two regions: Upper and Lower Egypt
Lower (northern) Egypt consisted of the Nile River's delta, made by the river as it flows into the Mediterranean.
Upper Egypt was the long, narrow strip of ancient Egypt located south of the Delta.

10. Egypt’s Economy The Pharaoh was at the center of the economy
Based upon Agriculture
The Pharaoh collected taxes on the crops and goods
Goods were “bartered” (traded for other necessary goods)

11. Life in Ancient Egypt Life centered around the Nile river
Yearly floods brought nutrients to the soil
The river was a main route of travel and commerce

12. Nile Delta It has 240 km of coastline and is 106 km long
Rich agricultural region
The most fertile soil in Africa

14. Floodplain
The low strip of fertile land located on either side of the Nile River
The river flooded annually (once a year)
When the flood finished, it left the earth soaked and fertilized
Most of the farming occurred here

15. Floodplain

16. Limited on the south, east and west by the Sahara Desert, and on the north by the Mediterranean Sea , ancient Egypt was protected from outside influences.

17. Social Pyramid of Egypt

18. Social Classes PHARAOH HIGH PRIESTS AND PRIESTESSES Upper Class NOBLES2
Social Classes
PHARAOH
Supreme leader; considered a god
HIGH PRIESTS AND PRIESTESSES
Served gods and goddesses
Upper Class
NOBLES
Fought in wars
MERCHANTS, SCRIBES, AND ARTISANS
Made furniture, jewelry, and fabrics for
pharaohs and nobles
Middle Class
Lower Class
Unskilled
PEASANT FARMERS, SERVANTS AND SLAVES
Worked in the fields and served the pharaoh

19. A System of Writing Hieroglyphics Scribes… Papyrus Rosetta Stone
Used to keep records
Scribes…
…were record keepers
…were the first Accountants
Papyrus
Paper made from plants
Rosetta Stone
Transcribed Hieroglyphics, Greek, and Demotic

20. Writing
Making paper from papyrus

21. What is hieroglyphics?
Hieroglyphics is the pictorial writing used in ancient Egypt. The word hieroglyphics is made up of two Greek words - hieros, which means sacred, and glyphe, which means carving.
The Egyptian hieroglyphic writing system consists of several hundred pictorial signs. The signs can be divided into two classes, phonograms and ideograms

22. Phonograms represent sounds, the same as alphabet letters do
Phonograms represent sounds, the same as alphabet letters do. Ideograms are signs that represent whole words or concepts.

24. Egyptian Religion Polytheism Death and Funerals About 2000
gods & goddesses
Death and Funerals
Three souls “ka, ba, and akh”
They believed in life after death
Embalming
Burial Tombs (Pyramids, mastabas…)

25. The most important gods were:
Religion
They believed that many gods and goddesses ruled the world and the afterlife
The most important gods were:
Amon-Ra: god of the sun
Osiris: god of the underworld and of the Nile
The pharaoh was believed to be a god as well as a leader
Falcon Headed Sun God

26. Egyptian gods ANUBIS: protector of the dead BASTET: goddess of war
ISIS: mother of the gods
HATHOR: goddess of love
OSIRIS: god of fertility
RA: god of the sun
SET: god of evil
HORUS: father of the kings

27. Religion They believed in eternal life after death.
In their funerals they used the Book of the Dead to help them through the afterworld.
They practised mummification: the preservation of the body for use in the next life.

28. Egyptian Art

29. Characteristics Art directed by priests and the Pharaoh
Anonymous artists
No landscapes nor perspective
Front-facing bodies
A sense of eternity

30. Building the Pyramids Built as tombs for the Pharaohs Afterlife
They contained everything the Paraoh needed
Khufu’s (Cheops´) pyramid
Total number of blocks
2,300,000
One block’s average weight
2.5 tons
Number of blocks added each day
285

31. Pyramids

32. Weight relief chambers
P Y R A M I D
Weight relief chambers
Hall
King´s chamber
Entrance
Pit
Queen´s chamber
Subterranean chamber

33. The Great Sphinx

34. Temples
Karnak
Abu Simbel
Luxor