2. Edge diffraction REFLECTED UNDISTURBED

4. Ultra sound

7. Taken from An introduction to geophysical exploration by P. Kearey and M. Brooks

8. Taken from Seismic data processing by Özdoğan Yilmaz

9. Same shot gathers as in previous slide, but after gain recovery, spiking deconvolution and trace balancing. Taken from Seismic data processing by Özdoğan Yilmaz

10. The figure shows how to combine traces obtained by different source – receiver configurations in order to establish a CMP gather with six traces. Taken from An introduction to geophysical exploration by P. Kearey and M. Brooks

11. (a)The four ray paths both have a common mid point between source (S) and receiver (D) and a common depth point (reflection point). Thus the traces constitute both a common mid point and a common depth point gather. (b)The ray paths have a common mid point between source and reciever, but not a common depth point. Thus the traces only constitute a common mid point gather. Taken from An introduction to geophysical exploration by P. Kearey and M. Brooks

13. Taken from Seismic data processing by Özdoğan Yilmaz CMP gathers derived from the shot gathers shown in slides 8 and 9.

14. Taken from Velocities in reflection seismology by J.-P. Cordier

15. Velocity analysis for four reflectors. Taken from Seismic data processing by Özdoğan Yilmaz

16. NMO correction Reflected waves recorded at nonzero-offsets are moved to zero-offset travel time t 0. The time shift is given by ∆t = t(x) - t 0 ≈ x 2 ⁄ (2v 2 t 0 ) Taken from Seismic data processing by Özdoğan Yilmaz

17. CMP gathers in slide 13 after NMO correction. Taken from Seismic data processing by Özdoğan Yilmaz

18. The unmigrated time section associated with the CMP gathers in slide 17 (plus many more). Taken from Seismic data processing by Özdoğan Yilmaz

19. The migrated version of the time section in the previous slide. Taken from Seismic data processing by Özdoğan Yilmaz

20. Gravity = gravitational + centrifugal acceleration Taken from Fundamentals of Geophysics by William Lowrie

21. International reference ellipsoid vs. spherical earth model Taken from Fundamentals of Geophysics by William Lowrie

22. Isostasy Taken from Fundamentals of Geophysics by William Lowrie

23. Example of free-air gravity anomaly Taken from Fundamentals of Geophysics by William Lowrie

24. Geomagnetism Taken from Fundamentals of Geophysics by William Lowrie

25. Slab temperature and seismicity Taken from Geodynamics by Donald Turcotte and Gerald Schubert

26. Slab temperature and seismicity

27. Stress regime in subducted plate Taken from Seismology and plate tectonics by David Gubbins

28. Stress regime in subducted plate Taken from Seismology and plate tectonics by David Gubbins