1. Seismic-Safe Buildings

2. Base Isolators These pads separate, or isolate, a building from it’s foundation and prevent some of an earthquake’s energy from entering the building.

3. Base Isolators Japan testing base isolators videovideo

4. Shear Walls A shear wall transfers some of a quake’s energy from roofs and floors to the buildings foundation.

5. Shear Walls Shear Walls demo on tongue depressorsdepressors Shear Walls with legos videovideo

6. Tension Ties These devices firmly “tie” the floors and ceilings of a building to the walls. Tension ties absorb and scatter earthquake energy and thus reduce damage.

7. Tension Ties

8. Cross Braces Steel cross braces are placed between stories to stiffen a building’s frame and absorb energy during an earthquake.

9. Dampers Dampers work like the shock absorbers in a car to absorb some of the energy of seismic waves.

10. Flexible Pipes Water and gas pipes have flexible joints. Flexible pipes bend as energy passes through them, greatly reducing damage.

11. Earthquake-Safe House

12. Designing Safer Buildings On wheels Los Angeles most earthquake proof building World’s largest earthquake test

13. Virtual Earthquake 1. Describe how scientists determine the epicenter of an earthquake. Include these terms: seismograms, arrival times, primary waves, and secondary waves. Video Tutorial online

14. 2. The list below includes three terms that are related to ways that earthquakes can cause damage. Choose two of these terms. Define them and describe how they can cause damage. aftershock liquefaction tsunami

15. 3. Write a short paragraph that describes the differences between the Richter/ Moment Magnitude Scale and the Mercalli Intensity Scale. Be sure to discuss what each scale measures specifically, how the information is gathered. Be sure to give specific details for each scale for full credit.

16. 4. Please describe how to make buildings seismic-safe. Draw a picture and label the different engineering techniques used and how they help make the building safer during a quake. Base isolators, tension ties, shear walls, cross braces, dampers and flexible pipes.

17. 5. Describe each type of wave – Primary (P wave), Secondary (S wave), and surface waves. Make a chart to show the speed at which each wave travels, what materials they can travel through, how they move and if they are body or a surface wave. Which causes the most damage?

18. 6. What type of earthquake causes more damage if of the same magnitude – a shallow focus one or a deep focus one? Why?

19. Glue In