1. Biological Control & Modified Banker Plants L.S. Osborne

2. Modified Banker Plants   Uses alternate hosts   Uses confined hosts   Potential to sell entire system   May be specific to region   Can move plants out if pesticides are needed

3.  Used to establish natural enemies  Used to augment natural enemies  Used to increase natural enemy numbers  Used to evaluate quality of natural enemies Modified Banker Plants

4.  Used to evaluate quality of natural enemies  Used to slow PESTICIDE RESISTANCE   Can be integrated with pesticides if necessaryTRAINING! Modified Banker Plants

7. SCOUT SCOUT SCOUT SCOUT SCOUT SCOUT SCOUT SCOUT SCOUT SCOUT SCOUT SCOUT SCOUT SCOUT SCOUT SCOUT SCOUT SCOUT SCOUT SCOUT SCOUT

8. Biological Control WHY ?

9. 100% Reliance on Pesticides = RESISTANCE

10. Crisis!

11. Biological Controls ParasitesPredatorsPathogens

12. Natural enemies Parasitoid Pathogen or nematode Predator Hyperparasite Parasite

13. TYPICAL RELEASE METHODS

14. Seasonal Inoculative Time (months) EIL Introduce natural enemies Begin Cycle End Cycle Begin Cycle

15. Economics Problems-

16. Availability

17. Quality Control Problems-

18. Pesticide Interactions Problems-

19. Modified Banker Plants (Open Rearing Systems) Solution?

26. Isolation Area 1 Clean Host Plants

27. Isolation Area 2 Infested Host Plants

28. Isolation Area 3 Infest with Natural Enemies

30. Banker Plants Time (months) EIL Introduce banker plants Begin Cycle End Cycle Begin Cycle

31. BP= Pollen Producing Plants or Grain AH= Stored Product Mite or Pollen NE= Amblyseius swirskii, A. cucumeris, Orius THRIPS

32. Banker System (without a plant) Amblyseius swirskii

34. A sachet contains bran, Carpoglyphus lactis (Dried Fruit Mite or Sugar Mite) and the predatory mite A. swirskii.

35. BP= Potato or Squash AH= The mealybug pest NE= Parasitoids and Predators MEALYBUGS (open rearing system)