1. By: Thomas, Jess, Devon, and PJ

2.  Civil War  Expanding economy  Larger travel  To unite the west and the east (communication)  Rebates and pools

3.  Small railroads form  They combine  Transportation becomes longer  Transcontinental railroad  Railroads become more luxurious

4. By: Joey, Chip, Ashley, Matt, and Tom

5.  After visiting Britain and discovering the Bessemer Process, Andrew returned to America and started a steel mill.  After some time, he was making enormous profits.  He then started to buy other mills.

6.  After the buying of mills, he started to buy iron mines, railroad and steamship lines, and warehouses.  This was the beginning of vertical integration; he had began to build an empire.

7.  He had began to control all the parts of the steel making process.  He had became one of the first people to do this. He set an example for modern companies.

8.  Almost all companies these days control all parts of the manufacturing, marketing, and selling.  Carnegie was an innovator in his time and one of the first to do this.

9. By: Kirsten, Sabrina, Holden, and James

10.  Monopolies- control all or nearly all the business of an industry  Trust- a group of corporations run by a single board of directions

11.  Caused by a lack of competition  Main industry controls the smaller industries  Causes higher prices and lowers quality of items  Legal if they are not supported by force

12.  Promote monopolies  First trust = Standard Oil Trust  Did not own the companies but did assist them  Sometimes used violence to form  Many antitrust acts were put into effect to eliminate monopolies

13.  Prices rise  Quality of goods decreases  Big- big businesses thrive  Big businesses struggle  Small businesses go under

14. And the impact on the rise of big business

15.  A stock is a share of ownership in a corporation. A corporation sells stock to investors. These stockholders hope to receive dividends which are the shares of a corporation’s profits.  A corporation can use the money invested by stock holders to build a new factory of buy new machines.

16.  In return for their investments stock holders hope to receive dividends.  A dividend is a share of a corporations profits.  To protect their investment, stockholders elect a board of directors to run the corporstion.

17.  Stockholders face fewer risks than owners of private business do.  If a private business goes bankrupt, the owner must pay all of the debts of the business.  By law, stockholders cannot be held responsible for a corporation’s debts.

18.  When the bank industry created investment trusts that held individual securities, trusts could be sold in pools to investors.  With multiple pools containing various amounts of money, high ranked investors had the money to buy back stocks and continue the cash flow of newly arisen stock trade.

19. By: Alyssa, Karen, Jess, Will, and Chris

20.  Small factories began to grow as people’s needs increased  Railroads distributed goods nation wide  Small factories then began to close  Americans thought of new ways to organizes their businesses

21.  As businesses grew, many became corporations  Stock holders hoped to get shares of a corporations profit in return for investment

22.  Most powerful banker of the 1800s  Not only a banker, but used his profits to gain control of large industries  Invested in the stock of troubled corporations  When corporations came back, they were voted into the board of directors company

23.  Gained control of most of the nation’s major rail lines  Merged them into one single corporation  Became the head of the United States Steel Company

24. 1. financing 2. debt financing 3. technology licensing agreements 4. real estate and project financing 5. international trade agreements 6. joining venture agreements 7. private equity placements