1. Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Transformation of the West, 1450-1750 17

2. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Transformation of the West I.The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce, 1450-1650 II.The Commercial Revolution III.The Scientific Revolution: The Next Phase of Change IV.Political Change V.The West by 1750

3. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Transformation of the West

4. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce A New Spirit –Francesco Petrarch (1304-1374)  Secular writing

5. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Italian Renaissance Begins 14th, 15th centuries –In northern Italy Italy –Urbanized –Merchant class –Political rivalry

6. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Italian Renaissance Petrarch, Boccaccio –Use Italian –Secular topics Painting –Use of perspective –Shadow, distance –Focus on humans

7. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Western Europe in the Renaissance and Reformation

8. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Italian Renaissance Michelango Buonarotti Leonardo da Vinci Nicolo Machiavelli Humanism –Looking back to classical past –Study of texts, especially ancient

9. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Renaissance Moves Northward By 1500, impetus moves north Northern Renaissance –France, Low Countries, England, Germany  Thence to eastern Europe –More concerned with religious matters –William Shakespeare –Miguel de Cervantes

10. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Protestant and Catholic Reformations 1517, Martin Luther's challenge –Attacks church institutions –Bible the only authority  Vernacular translations Protestant protest used for political gain –German opposition to the papacy –Rulers seize church lands

11. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Protestant and Catholic Reformations Henry VIII –Establishes Anglican church Jean Calvin –Calvinism  Predestination

12. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Protestant and Catholic Reformations Catholic Reformation –Renewal –Jesuits  Missionaries  Education

13. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The End of Christian Unity in the West Religious Wars –France  Calvinists v. Catholics  1598, Edict of Nantes Promises Protestants’ toleration –30 Years War (1618-1648)  Devastating to Germany  Netherlands independent Literacy increases

14. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Europe Under Absolute Monarchy, 1715

15. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert European Population Density, c.1600

16. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Commercial Revolution The Impact of the World Economy –Inflation, 16th century –Gold, silver from New World –Demand outstrips supply

17. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Social Protest Proletariat develops Attitudes towards poor change Protests Witchcraft hysteria

18. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Scientific Revolution: The Next Phase of Change Did Copernicus Copy? Nicolai Copernicus –Polish monk –Knowledge of work of al-Urdi, al-Tusi?  Earlier Arab scientists

19. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Science: The New Authority New instruments add to data collection Galileo Galilei –Uses Copernicus' work Kepler’s observations confirm earlier work William Harvey –Circulatory system

20. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Science: The New Authority Methods –Francis Bacon  Empirical research –René Descartes  Skepticism –Isaac Newton  System of natural laws

21. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Science: The New Authority Deism –God does not intervene with nature John Locke –Use of reason

22. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Political Change Absolute and Parliamentary Monarchies –17th century, medieval balance disrupted –France dominates  Centralized monarchy  Bureaucracy  “Absolute monarchy"  Louis XIV the best example Nobles kept at court

23. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Political Change Absolute and Parliamentary Monarchies –Other absolute monarchs  Spain, Prussia, Austria-Hungary  Territorial expansion –England  Difference  Civil War Parliament triumphant

24. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Western Europe under Absolute Monarchies

25. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Nation-State Definition Common language, culture –National literature, songs, foods Territorial aspect Common allegiance

26. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The West by 1750 Political Patterns –Great change in central Europe –Frederick the Great of Prussia  Religious freedom  State regulates economy  Overseas commercial networks

27. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The West by 1750 Political Patterns –Continual warfare  France v. Britain Rivalry over overseas territory  Prussia v. Austria Territorial conflicts

28. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Enlightenment Thought and Popular Culture Scientific Revolution leads to Enlightenment –Scientific methods applied to other fields General principles –People are good –Reason the answer –Belief in progress

29. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Enlightenment Thought and Popular Culture Political science –Adam Smith  Laissez-faire Criminology Society –Women's rights –Protection of children –Attack inequities

30. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Ongoing Change in Commerce and Manufacturing Mass consumerism Agriculture –Nitrogen-fixing crops –Stockbreeding –Swamp drainage –Potatoes, etc. introduced Domestic system –Households produce finished goods

31. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Innovation and Instability Change becomes the norm

32. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Global Connections: Europe and the World Proto-globalization European attitudes towards others take shape –Feeling of superiority –The “noble savage”