1. 2005 Annual Faculty Development Seminar Appointment, Promotion and Tenure In the Professorial Ranks

2. Part I Academic Ranks & Tenure in the national context Part II Appointment, Promotion & Tenure at NYUSoM

4. To hold him who has taught me this art as equal to my parents The Oath

5. To hold him who has taught me this art as equal to my parents [faculty mentor] and to live my life in partnership with him, and if he is in need of money to give him a share of mine,

6. To hold him who has taught me this art as equal to my parents [faculty mentor] and to live my life in partnership with him, and if he is in need of money to give him a share of mine [socialist origin of the depressed salaries of faculty], and to regard his offspring as equal to my brothers in male lineage

7. To hold him who has taught me this art [faculty mentor] as equal to my parents and to live my life in partnership with him, and if he is in need of money to give him a share of mine [socialist origin of the depressed salaries of tenure], and to regard his offspring as equal to my brothers in male lineage [origin of gender discrimination] and to teach this art…to my sons and to the sons of him who has instructed me and to pupils who have signed the covenant and have taken an oath according to the medical law, but no one else.

8. To hold him who has taught me this art [faculty mentor] as equal to my parents and to live my life in partnership with him, and if he is in need of money to give him a share of mine [socialist origin of the depressed salaries of tenure], and to regard his offspring as equal to my brothers in male lineage [origin of gender discrimination] and to teach this art…to my sons and to the sons of him who has instructed me and to pupils who have signed the covenant and have taken an oath according to the medical law, but no one else [origin of both the Guild and the Guilt of our separation from the proles]

9. Origins of Tenure Professors” durante vita Lehrfrieheit Morrill Act: assistant, associate, professor David Starr Jordan fires Edward A. Ross AAUP

10. Tenure Defined [AAUP] Tenure is a means to certain ends; specifically (1) freedom of teaching and research and of extramural activities; and (2) a sufficient degree of economic security to make the profession of teaching attractive to men and women of ability. [NYUFH] Academic tenure is a means to certain ends, specifically: (1) freedom of teaching and research*; and (2) a sufficient degree of economic security to make the profession of teaching attractive to men and women of ability.

11. Social Engineering: ADEA Tenure concepts were developed when the expectation and the rule was “retirement” at 65 Age Discrimination in Employment Amendments of 1986, *1992

12. AAMC data on age distribution of faculty in US medical schools 1980-2002

13. National Context Decline in reimbursements to the clinical side of academic medical centers BBA of ’97 Managed care

14. National Context Dramatic rise in the number of faculty, especially clinical faculty (1) Movement to non-tenure tracks (2) Financial definition

15. Jones and Gold Academic Medicine (2001) 76: 993-1004

16. Financial Guarantee of Tenure ‘97 N b = 102 N c =94 Jones and Gold, Acad Med 1998

17. What is that Guarantee? N b = 102 N c =94 Jones and Gold, Acad Med 1998

18. Part I Tenure considered in the national context Part II Appointment, Promotion & Tenure at NYUSoM

20. Primary Themes Investigator / Educator Track, a full-time tenure track for those faculty members in any department whose primary career is in independent, investigator-initiated research and who devote some time to education and service. Investigator Clinician / Educator Track, a full-time tenure track…for those faculty in the clinical departments whose primary career combines independent research with clinical activities and who devote some time to education and service.

21. What does it take? Advance the fieldAdvance the field Peer recognitionPeer recognition If you haven’t done it all, you have to be really outstanding in part of itIf you haven’t done it all, you have to be really outstanding in part of itScholarship

22. Alternate Pathway Teaching Excellence in the “classroom” Invention of new approaches Peer recognition for pedagogical activities

24. Primary Themes Clinician Investigator / Educator Track, a full-time non-tenure track for those faculty members in clinical departments whose primary career is in the provision of clinical care and who devote a substantial portion of their efforts to teaching, research, and service. Research / Educator Track, a full-time non-tenure track for those faculty members in any department whose primary career is in research, but who devote a portion of their efforts to education and service.

25. Alternate Pathway Teaching Excellence in the “classroom” Invention of new approaches Peer recognition for pedagogical activities

27. Primary Themes Clinical Track, a part-time non-tenure track for those faculty members in clinical departments whose primary career is in the provision of clinical care and who devote some time to teaching, research and/or service. Research Track, a part-time non-tenure track for those faculty involved in part-time or time-limited research in other's laboratories and who devote limited time to teaching and service.

28. Three Eras of Promotion 1.October 1989 – December 1994 2.January 1995 – May 2002 3.June 2002 – June 2004 Era 1Era 2Era 3 All9472*73 Basic1008480 Clinical916869 42 moved off and 6 moved on the tenure track

29. Category Mean  SD MedianRange # Grants (PI)7.46 ± 4.8860 – 22 # NIH Grants (PI)2.73 ± 2.4620 – 9 $ Amount of grants3,385,012 ± 2,885,7262,812,2680 – 13,656,889 # Peer reviewed publications47.2 ± 35.5348 – 183 # 1st/last author publications26.5 ± 19.9216 – 117 # Non-peer reviewed publications 3.02 ± 5.2410 – 25 # Book chapters9.15 ± 12.150 – 58 # Abstracts23.0 ± 46.420 – 204 # Presentations30.5 ± 32.3210 – 120 # Grants (all)10.6 ± 7.739.50 – 41 # NIH Grants (all)3.03 ± 2.932.50 – 10 $ Amount of Grants (all)3,516,692 ± 2,884,6642,630,4000 – 10,368,613 Characteristics of Candidates

30. Basic Sciences

31. Clinical Sciences

33. Appendix History of Tenure

34. Timeline of Tenure

35. 1600-1700+ Model of Oxford & Cambridge: tutors

36. Timeline of Tenure 1600-1700+ Model of Oxford & Cambridge: tutors 1750 Educational-industrial complex: Gifts of endowed chairs and “Professors” durante vita

37. Timeline of Tenure 1600-1700+ Model of Oxford & Cambridge: tutors 1750 Educational-industrial complex: Gifts of endowed chairs and “Professors” durante vita 1800s Transition to non-sectarian education lehrfreiheit research university is born

38. Timeline of Tenure 1600-1700+ Model of Oxford & Cambridge: tutors 1750 Educational-industrial complex: Gifts of endowed chairs and “Professors” durante vita 1800s Transition to non-sectarian education lehrfreiheit research university is born 1862 Morrill Act: assistant, associate and full professor

39. Timeline of Tenure 1600-1700+ Model of Oxford & Cambridge: tutors 1750 Educational-industrial complex: Gifts of endowed chairs and “Professors” durante vita 1800s Transition to non-sectarian education lehrfreiheit research university is born 1862 Morrill Act: Assistant, associate and full professor

40. Timeline of Tenure 1600-1700+ Model of Oxford & Cambridge: tutors 1750 Educational-industrial complex: Gifts of endowed chairs and “Professors” durante vita 1800s Transition to non-sectarian education lehrfreiheit research university is born 1862 Morrill Act: Assistant, associate and full professor 1900 The Economics Cases: David Starr Jordan fires Edward A. Ross

41. Timeline of Tenure 1600-1700+ Model of Oxford & Cambridge: tutors 1750 Educational-industrial complex: Gifts of endowed chairs and “Professors” durante vita 1800s Transition to non-sectarian education lehrfreiheit research university is born 1862 Morrill Act: Assistant, associate and full professor 1900 The Economics Cases: David Starr Jordan fires Edward A. Ross 1913-1940AAUP

42. Timeline of Tenure 1600-1700+ Model of Oxford & Cambridge: tutors 1750 Educational-industrial complex: Gifts of endowed chairs and “Professors” durante vita 1800s Transition to non-sectarian education lehrfreiheit research university is born 1862 Morrill Act: Assistant, associate and full professor 1900 The Economics Cases: David Starr Jordan fires Edward A. Ross 1913-1940AAUP 1986, 1992 Age Discrimination in Employment Amendments