1. What was wrong with Britain’s roads in 1750? L/O – To examine the problems with Britain’s transport system and to illustrate how the roads were improved Starter – How long do you think it would take to travel from London to Edinburgh by Horse and Cart in 1750?

2. What have we studied so far? Agricultural Revolution Industrial Revolution Transport Revolution

3. Pressures on Transport in 18 th Century towns 1.Growing towns population 2.Growing population factories 3.Growing factories trade 4.Growing trade with empire movement 5.Growing movement of people (work, army) Explain how each of the above factors would put pressure on Britain’s roads.

4. Britain’s Road System in 1750 agricultural industrial The agricultural and industrial changes meant that a lot more goods and people needed to be transported. rutted potholes This left the roads rutted and full of huge potholes. Coaches became stuck and some people even drowned in the potholes! stagecoaches highwaymen To make matters worse, passengers in stagecoaches were often robbed by highwaymen.

5. Time for Turnpikes lose money Businesses were starting to lose money because of the state of the roads so the government started to act. turnpike trust toll Britain’s roads were divided up and rented to a ‘turnpike trust’. These trusts promised to improve their road and in return they could charge a ‘toll’ toll keepers Turnpike roads had gates at each end where toll keepers collected the money.

6. Consequences of the Turnpikes 18301000 20,000 miles By 1830, there were nearly 1000 turnpike trusts improving over 20,000 miles of British roads. 2 weeks 48hours Before it would take 2 weeks to travel from London to Edinburgh. By 1830 it took only 48hours! design The money made from the roads enabled inventors to design even better roads. Thomas TelfordJohn McAdam Thomas Telford and John McAdam designed cheap and sturdy roads but McAdam’s were more popular. Answer Questions 1-3 on page 37

7. Plenary pressure 1.Describe two ways in which Britain’s roads were being put under pressure in 1750 problems 2.Describe two problems with Britain’s roads in 1750. turnpikes improve 3.How did turnpikes improve the roads? types of road 4.Name 2 types of road that were designed. Did we meet our learning objective? L/O – To examine the problems with Britain’s transport system and to illustrate how the roads were improved