1. Native Americans What is the most likely scientific explanation for how Native Americans ultimately “colonized” the Americas? The Bering Land Bridge

2. Native Americans Provide two major examples of cultural differences of Native American lifestyles in what is now the United States.

3. European Exploration Provide one specific motivation for Spanish colonization in the Americas. Religion or trade routes Provide one specific motivation for French colonization in the Americas. Fur Trade Where did the Spanish colonize in the Americas? The Southwest and Florida and Mesoamerica Where did the French colonize in the Americas? The Great Lakes region and down the Mississippi River Where did the English colonize in the Americas? The East coast of the US-13 colonies

4. European Exploration Where did the English establish their first successful colony? Jamestown What happened in the first two years at Jamestown? Disease, starvation and struggle What two factors turned the colony around? John Smith’s leadership and tobacco

5. The New England Colonies What was the main motivation for establishing the New England colonies? What were the first two major colonies established? Who was responsible for establishing the Massachusetts Bay colony? What did he mean by creating “a city upon a hill?

6. The Middle and South Colonies What was the most significant of the southern colonies? Virginia What was the most significant of the middle colonies? Pennsylvania Who was responsible for settling the NY colony? The Dutch West India Company Who was responsible for settling the Pennsylvania colony? William Penn Why was the Pennsylvania colony so successful? Religious diversity, acceptance of Native Americans, and farming(wheat)/resources

7. Middle and South Colonies List 3 ways that slaves resisted in the southern colonies. Working slow, pretending not to understand, rebellion Summarize the Stono Rebellion. Rebellion in South Carolina where slaves attacked whites and headed for freedom down the Stono River toward Seminole territory in Florida. Define the Middle Passage. Brutal journey from West Africa to the Americas aboard slave ships with a 20% mortality rate

8. Colonial Life up to 1750 Was education more important to the southern colonies, middle colonies, or northern colonies in this time period? Explain. Northern colonies where people read the Bible on their own and needed to be able to read. Towns were required to provide schools for children. What was Harvard College originally established to do in 1636, the oldest institution of higher education in the US? Train ministers Describe the general layout of a New England town. Town hall for political gatherings and church for worship at the center of the town with houses densely put together and farm land on the outside. Schools and stores interspersed.

9. Colonial Life to 1750

10. Colonial Life up to 1750 Who provided much of the labor in New England colonies? Children What two colonies bordered Chesapeake Bay? Maryland and Virginia What two systems dominated the labor force in the Chesapeake region? Indentured servitude and slavery What event sparked a shift away from indentured servitude and toward slavery? Bacon’s Rebellion What is one significant difference between indentured servitude and slavery? Eventual freedom for indentured servants What was one major cause of Bacon’s Rebellion? Servants being pushed out to the west and in conflict with Native Americans, economic factors (gap b/w rich and poor and plummeting price of tobacco)

11. Colonial Life up to 1750 How were southern towns designed in terms of layout? Spread out along rivers or spread out with plantations for maximizing growing and export. Plantations the center of the community. Was life expectancy higher in New England or in the southern colonies? New England How many of the 13 colonies used slavery in the early 1700s? All of them

12. Economy and Politics What was the economic system in the colonies? Mercantilism What policy put this system into place? The Navigation Acts Why was mercantilism and the Navigation Acts not enforced before the French and Indian War? Too difficult, Britain too occupied Were the colonies democratic or not? Explain. To a large degree. Governors were controlled by the crown but assemblies did much of the governing and even controlled governors salaries so had more power.

13. Ideas Who was the most important Enlightenment thinker to influence the political ideas of the colonies? John Locke Identify one of his ideas. People had natural rights and limited government existed to protect those rights. Identify another. When those rights were taken away, it was the people’s responsibility to rebel. How were these ideas formalized in the American colonies? Common Sense by Thomas Paine and The Declaration of Independence.

14. Ideas What was the most significant religious movement in the 1700s in the colonies? Great Awakening What was a major impact of the Great Awakening? New groups of Protestants started, churches became more decentralized and people converted or became reignited in poorer communities throughout the middle colonies and south, and many slaves converted as well.