1. EUROPE AROUND THE WORLD 1750-1870

2. AFRICA Europeans afraid of going into Africa – rivers are difficult to navigate – unknown diseases – Africa has strong army and specialized trade routes – Europe sticks to peripheries

3. AFRICA SOUTH -ZULU KINGDOM aggressive -Shaka Zulu ruled, but created a strong national identify for the Zulu -To protect themselves – Swaziland, Lesotho -British fight Zulu’s – win in 1878 (film) -Dutch (Boer or Afrikaners) also in area

4. AFRICA WEST AFRICA -Attempts to purify Islam using Jihad -Center on learning and reform -SOKOTO CALIPHATE-

5. AFRICA NORTH EGYPT – Muhammad Ali – wanted to modernize Egypt and build up military…required peasants to cultivate cotton – Grandson Ismail: railroad, Cairo and Suez Canal – Europeans took over (Egypt owed them money) ALGERIA - France invaded in 1830 – LOTS of resistance

6. AFRICA As abolition spread, British used navy to stop slave trade Africa expanded “legitimate trade” – palm oil, gold, ivory Missionaries converted slaves in Sierra Leone and Liberia was founded by US ex-slaves