1. World War I

2. Objectives
Content: Differentiate between the long term and immediate causes of World War I.
Learning: List the 4 MAIN causes of World War I.

3. Underlying Causes of WWI
There were 4 MAIN causes of WWI.
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism

4. Militarism Why did it happen? What is it?
Building up armed forces to get ready for war
Why did it happen?
Need for security leads to an arms race.

5. Alliances What is it? Why did it happen?
Agreements or promises to defend and help another country
Why did it happen?
Concern about possible war.

7. The Alliances Allied Powers Central Powers France Bulgaria
United States
Russia
Belgium
British Empire
Serbia
Bulgaria
Austro-Hungarian Empire
German Empire
Ottoman Empire

8. Trick to Remember Alliances in WWI
FURBBS BAG of “O”’s
FURBBS = Allies
BAG of “O”s = Central Powers

9. Imperialism What is it? Why did it happen?
Trying to build up an empire by physically and economically controlling other countries
Why did it happen?
Believed stronger countries own more land.

11. Nationalism What is it? Why did it happen?
Having pride in your country and being willing to defend it
Why did it happen?
People all thought their country was the best and wanted to prove it!

12. Immediate Cause of World War I (WWI)
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Austria-Hungary controlled Serbia.
Serbia wanted independence.

13. Immediate Cause of World War I (WWI)
Ferdinand was the heir to the throne of Austria- Hungary
He was assassinated in June 1914 by a Serbian nationalist while on an official visit to Bosnia.

15. Warm Up Read through Document A: Woodrow Wilson’s Speech #1.
Answer Question #1 on Guiding Questions.

16. Objectives Content: Create a WWI propaganda poster.
Learning: Explain 4 reasons the United States entered WWI.

17. U.S. Expansionism
Spanish American War ended the U.S. policy of Isolationism (1898)
Result of Spanish American War = the U.S. emerges as a world power

18. U.S. Expansionism
WWI ended the U.S. policy of avoiding European conflicts ( )
WWI = the U.S. emerges as a global superpower

19. American Neutrality Is Over
Up to 1917, the US opposed war. Woodrow Wilson was re-elected as President with the slogan:
“He kept us out of war!”
But that was all about to change!

20. Reasons for America’s Involvement in WWI
US inability to remain neutral
United States economic and political ties to Great Britain

21. Reasons for America’s Involvement in WWI
3. German submarine warfare: In 1915 they sank the Lusitania (1000 people died, 128 were Americans) 4. The Zimmerman Telegram

22. Zimmerman Telegram
The Zimmerman Telegram – was a secret message from Germany to Mexico that the British intercepted (January 1917).
The message said that if Mexico helped Germany invade and defeat the US, than Germany would help them get back all the land they lost in the Mexican American War (1848)
Americans were angry and wanted to go to war.

23. U.S. Entry into WWI Read Document B: Woodrow Wilson’s Speech #2.
Answer remaining Guiding Questions.

24. America Enters the War
April 6, President Wilson and Congress declare war!
More than 2 million
Americans entered the
military to fight in
WWI.

25. Homefront
Civilians at home made sacrifices to help with the war effort
War Gardens – personal fruit and vegetable gardens so that more food could be sent to the troops

26. Homefront Propaganda helped encourage support for war effort.
Bonds – loaning the government money to help pay for the war.
Rationing – using less of what you want so that more materials can be used for the war or sent to the troops.
Propaganda helped encourage support for war effort.

27. Propaganda

28. Homefront continued
Women work in jobs traditionally held by men – leads to changing a role
Pushes women to get the right to vote
Most countries grant right to vote before WWI is over.
When does the U.S. grant the right to vote?

30. Objectives
Content: Defend why Wilson’s 14 Points were a good solution to WWI.
Learning: Describe the changes in warfare during WWI.

31. WWI Details
Actual fighting began in August when Germany invaded Belgium (a neutral country)

32. Four main fighting fronts:
Western (Britain, France, and Germany)
Eastern (Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Russia)
Balkan (Serbia, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria)
Italian (Italy and Austria-Hungary)

33. New Weapons of WWI Improved cannons and improved guns (machine guns)
New inventions and destructive weapons
German “U-boats” (submarines)
Tank
Poison Gas
Combat airplanes (end of war)

34. Machine Guns

35. WWI Gas Masks

36. WWI Tanks

37. WWI Planes

38. German U-boats
"unterseeboot", or undersea boat in English

39. Trench Warfare
WWI introduces Trench Warfare because of new weapons

41. The Allies Were Struggling
Russian troops were not able to get the supplies they needed.
Many were trying to fight with NO bullets.
In 1917, the Russian people overthrew their government with the Russian Revolution. It caused Russia to leave the war.
Now all of Germany’s attention was on the Western Front.

42. The U.S. Enters the War
Allied forces desperately needed the help, they were drained and starving.
The Allies with U.S. help didn’t just stop the German advance, but pushed them back to Germany.

43. The End of WWI
November 11, 1918, Germany’s government is overthrown and the new leaders quickly agree to an armistice (an agreement to end the fighting)

44. After the Armistice More than 9 Million soldiers lost their lives
President Woodrow Wilson was seen as a hero to all of Europe
Wilsons peace proposal was called “Fourteen Points”
Outlined new boundaries and nations in Europe
Called for free trade, freedom of the seas and an end to secret treaties

45. League of Nations
Wilson’s final and biggest point was to create the League of Nations, a peacekeeping organization.
Wilson’s peace terms were seen as to lenient on the losing nations.

46. Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles brought an end to the war between Germany and the Allied Powers. The other countries in the Central Powers were dealt with in separate treaties.
The Treaty was signed in June 1919.

47. What did it mean for Germany?
The Treaty of Versailles:
Forced Germany to accept full blame for the war
Took away Germany’s colonies and armed forces
Forced Germany to pay $33 billion in war reparations

48. What did it mean for the world?
The Treaty of Versailles:
Also divided up the empires of Austria-Hungary, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire.
Established the League of Nations

49. But not so fast….
The United States never ratified (approved) the treaty or joined the League of Nations.
Many members of Congress did not want the US to join the League of Nations because they did not want more foreign commitments.

50. Did the Treaty of Versailles Work?
The Treaty failed to make Europe “safe for democracy”
Germany resented the treaty
It helped plant the seeds for WWII