2.  A few more rhetorical devices...  1) Expletive: a single word or short phrase used to lend emphasis. ("I would like, if I may, to take you on a strange journey.“ )  2) Apostrophe: a sudden turn from the general audience to address a specific group or person or personified abstraction absent or present (“For Brutus, as you know, was Caesar’s angel.”  3) Epistrophe: Ending a series of lines, phrases, clauses, or sentences with the same word or words. (type of repetition... “What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny compared to what lies within us." —Emerson )

3.  4. Antithesis: opposition, or contrast of ideas or words in a balanced or parallel construction. (“That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”-Neil Armstrong)  5. aphoristic: a short statement containing a general truth... OR, a sentence that alludes to an aphorism. (Every cloud has a silver lining. OR A penny saved is a penny not spent.)  6. Chiasmus: a figure of speech based on inverse parallelism (Fair is foul and foul is fair.)

4.  Syntax is the arrangement of words within a phrase, clause or sentence.  You may have heard of a ‘syntactical error.’ This just means that something about the sentence, or the sentence itself, is grammatically incorrect.  Just like an author’s use of rhetorical devices, and author’s use of syntax helps to convey their attitude towards their subject.

5.  If directed to analyze an author’s syntax (you may be asked on the AP exam), there are many options for discussion. Some are listed here:  Active versus Passive Voice: In active voice, the action is expressed in the verb. (God smote the sinner.) In passive voice, the subject is acted upon. (The sinner was smote by God.)

6.  1) Segregating: (add your own example) (what effect does it have?)  2) Freight Train:  3) Parataxis:  4) Triadic:  5) Cumulative:

7.  6) Parallelism:  7) Balanced:  8)Loose:  9) Periodic  10) Convoluted:  11) Centered:  12) Fragment:

8.  There will be a quiz on these syntactical sentence styles as well as the rhetorical devices we covered! (make sure to study!)

9.  Tone is that unique quality of a speech or a piece of writing that reveals the attitudes and presuppositions of the author or speaker.  There are many words to define tone.  (see hand-out for variety)

10.  So what is diction?  Diction is an author’s particular word choice.  Specific words that authors use, along with their syntactical style, help the reader establish the tone of a piece.  Take a look at this paragraph on diction.

11.  Using the “Style and Rhetorical Appeals” Graphic Organizer, you are going to analyze the structure, syntax, diction, etc.... of “A Model Of Christian Charity”.  Please organize your analysis using the guidelines of the Graphic Organizer.  Cite exactly from the text when necessary.