1. Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior
Charles T. Blair-Broeker
Randal M. Ernst

2. Psychological Disorders
Chapter 12

3. Introduction to Psychological Disorders
Module 27

4. Module 27: Introduction to Psychological Disorders
Defining Disorder
Module 27: Introduction to Psychological Disorders

5. Psychological Disorder
A “harmful dysfunction” in which behaviors are maladaptive, unjustifiable, disturbing, and atypical

6. Maladaptive An exaggeration of normal, acceptable behaviors
Destructive to oneself or others

7. Unjustifiable
A behavior which does not have a rational basis

8. Disturbing
A behavior which is troublesome to other people

9. Atypical
A behavior so different from other people’s behavior that it violates a norm
Norms vary from culture to culture

10. MUDA
A mnemonic device used to remember the four attributes of a psychological disorder
Maladaptive
Unjustifiable
Disturbing
Atypical

11. Understanding Disorders
Module 27: Introduction to Psychological Disorders

12. Early Views of Mental Illness
In ancient times, mental illness was usually explained through a supernatural model; the person was possessed or a sinner
During the Middle Ages treatment methods were inhumane and cruel

13. Philippe Pinel ( )
French physician who worked to reform the treatment of people with mental disorders
Encouraged more humane treatment
Treated like a medical problem

14. Understanding Disorders: The Medical Model
Module 27: Introduction to Psychological Disorders

15. The Medical Model
Diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured.
Psychological disorders can be diagnosed based on their symptoms and treated or cured through therapy.
Psychological disorders are similar to a physical illness.

16. Understanding Disorders: The Bio-Psycho-Social Model
Module 27: Introduction to Psychological Disorders

17. Bio-Psycho-Social Model
Perspective of mental illness which assumes that biological (brain tumor, runs in family – ex. Depression)
psychological (our thoughts and thinking patterns – ex. optimist vs. pessimist), and
Sociocultural (anorexia & susto)
factors combine and interact to produce psychological disorders

18. Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective

19. Classifying Disorders
Module 27: Introduction to Psychological Disorders

20. DSM-IV-TR copy
Discuss the DSM-IV-TR.

21. DSM-IV-TR
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fourth Edition
The text of the DSM-IV was recently revised, hence “TR” at the end
Published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA)
Lists and describes all the currently accepted categories of mental disorders

22. DSM-IV-TR Divides mental disorders into 17 major categories
Includes the symptoms but not the causes of each disease
Has changed significantly since the first edition
Bipolar – not manic-depressive
Less terms from Freud
No homosexuality

23. The Normal Adult Circle the 5 characteristics that best describe a mature, healthy and social competent male.
6) self-confident
7) logical
8) gentle
9) independent
10) expresses tender feelings
Ambitious
Tactful
Adventurous
Aware of others’ feelings
Need for security

24. The Normal Adult Circle the 5 characteristics that best describe a mature, healthy and social competent female.
6) self-confident
7) logical
8) gentle
9) independent
10) expresses tender feelings
Ambitious
Tactful
Adventurous
Aware of others’ feelings
Need for security

25. The Normal Adult Circle the 5 characteristics that best describe a mature, healthy and social competent adult person.
6) self-confident
7) logical
8) gentle
9) independent
10) expresses tender feelings
Ambitious
Tactful
Adventurous
Aware of others’ feelings
Need for security

26. Results and Questions
Results (1970) – sexes had different normal behavior
Do you think the results are the same today?
Has sensitivity to sexism eliminated the double standard for normal?
Is the view of a healthy adult closer to the male or female ideal?

27. Module 27: Introduction to Psychological Disorders
Labeling Disorders
Module 27: Introduction to Psychological Disorders

28. Labeling Stigmas
Studies show a clear bias against people diagnosed with mental disorders. Say DSM-IV-TR contributes to that.

29. The End