1. COMMUNISM Historical Context, Theory, and Practice

2. Economic Systems in Historical Context 178018151848 IR begins in Britain utopian socialism capitalism communism Communist Manifesto

3. Capitalism Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations (1776) free market / laissez faire “invisible hand” 3 duties of gov’t: 1.military 2.Justice 3.public works

4. What was the problem with capitalism?

5. Utopian Socialism French guys: Blanc, Fourier, Proudhon, Saint- Simon Goal: no social classes How to achieve: mixed economy – gov’t owns some industry & participates in econ. planning

6. Communism / Marxian Socialism Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels, Communist Manifesto (1848) Marx, Das Kapital Goal: no social classes How to achieve: revolution  command economy

7. Marxist Theory history = class struggle IR created 2 dominant classes: –bourgeoisie –proletariat greedy capitalists profit from surplus value of labor critique of utopians: bourgeoisie will never voluntarily help the proletariat

8. Marxist Theory Therefore …. WORKERS OF THE WORLD, UNITE! Results of revolution: –p–proletariat take power –a–abolition of private property –e–eventually gov’t. withers away

9. Communism in Practice Russian Revolution (1917) Lenin adapts Marxism to Russian conditions: revolutionary party leads revolution  problem: never gave up control

10. Communism in Practice 1 political party central econ. planning + state owns means of production stresses classless society anti-religion propaganda censorship basic freedoms denied secret police severe punishment for lawbreakers ***state has supreme power***

11. Communism in China 1.Why did Communism appeal to people in China? 2.How did Mao adapt Marxist theory to conditions in China?