1. Broadwater School History Department 1 Revise for GCSE Humanities: Kennedy and the New Frontier This is the fourth of nine revision topics. America and the Cold War America in the 1950s: Affluent Society Black Americans in the 1950s Kennedy and the New Frontier Civil Rights to Black Power Defeat in Vietnam Cold War to Détente Nixon and Watergate How to use this Revision Presentation. The Presentation is divided into five sections. Spend about 10 minutes revising each section. Write Revision Notes, label them clearly and keep them all in one place. Return to this Presentation often to help embed your learning.

2. Broadwater School History Department 2 Revise for GCSE Humanities: Kennedy and the New Frontier There are five sections to this topic. Problems facing Kennedy The “New Frontier” The Berlin Wall Cuban Missiles Crisis Judging JFK Spend about 10 minutes revising each section. Write Revision Notes, title them clearly and keep them all in one place.

3. Broadwater School History Department 3 Revise for GCSE Humanities: Kennedy and the New Frontier Write out the five sections of the topic. When you have finished, move on to the next page. Pause Now!

4. Broadwater School History Department 4 Revise for GCSE Humanities: Kennedy and the New Frontier Check you learning. Problems facing Kennedy The “New Frontier” The Berlin Wall Cuban Missiles Crisis Judging JFK Move on to the next section on the problems facing Kennedy in 1960.

5. Broadwater School History Department 5 Revise for GCSE Humanities: Kennedy and the New Frontier Copy these Revision Notes Problems facing Kennedy in 1960 Racial inequality and civil rights Women’s rights and young people Poverty Communism When you have finished, move on to the next page. Pause Now!

6. Broadwater School History Department 6 Revise for GCSE Humanities: Kennedy and the New Frontier Write out the notes from memory Problems facing Kennedy in 1960 Racial inequality and civil rights Women’s rights and young people Poverty Communism When you have finished, move on to the next page. Pause Now!

7. Broadwater School History Department 7 Revise for GCSE Humanities: Kennedy and the New Frontier Check your learning Problems facing Kennedy in 1960 Racial inequality and civil rights Women’s rights and young people Poverty Communism When you have finished, move on to the next page.

8. Broadwater School History Department 8 Revise for GCSE Humanities: Kennedy and the New Frontier Copy these Revision Notes The “New Frontier” JFK (John Fitzgerald Kennedy) was a Democrat President. JFK had great personal charm and charisma. He promised Americans “New Frontier” reforms. The New Frontier was to deal with poverty, civil rights and the communist threat. Racial inequality and civil rights – JFK was unable to do much due to opposition from Senate and Congress. Women’s Rights and young people – JFK was popular with these groups, but he did little to help them. Poverty – JFK increased the minimum wage and social security benefits to help the poor. Failed to introduce free medical care or better housing for the poor. JFK’s death helped his successor, Lyndon Baines Johnson (LBJ) to implement his plans for social reform, known as the “Great Society”.. When you have finished, move on to the next page. Pause Now!

9. Broadwater School History Department 9 Revise for GCSE Humanities: Kennedy and the New Frontier Write out the Revision Notes from memory The “New Frontier” JFK (John Fitzgerald Kennedy) was a Democrat President. JFK had great personal charm and charisma. He promised Americans “New Frontier” reforms. The New Frontier was to deal with poverty, civil rights and the communist threat. Racial inequality and civil rights – JFK was unable to do much due to opposition from Senate and Congress. Women’s Rights and young people – JFK was popular with these groups, but he did little to help them. Poverty – JFK increased the minimum wage and social security benefits to help the poor. Failed to introduce free medical care or better housing for the poor. JFK’s death helped his successor, Lyndon Baines Johnson (LBJ) to implement his plans for social reform, known as the “Great Society”.. When you have finished, move on to the next page. Pause Now!

10. Broadwater School History Department 10 Revise for GCSE Humanities: Kennedy and the New Frontier Read the full Revision Notes The “New Frontier” JFK (John Fitzgerald Kennedy) was a Democrat President. JFK had great personal charm and charisma. He promised Americans “New Frontier” reforms. The New Frontier was to deal with poverty, civil rights and the communist threat. Racial inequality and civil rights – JFK was unable to do much due to opposition from Senate and Congress. Women’s Rights and young people – JFK was popular with these groups, but he did little to help them. Poverty – JFK increased the minimum wage and social security benefits to help the poor. Failed to introduce free medical care or better housing for the poor. JFK’s death helped his successor, Lyndon Baines Johnson (LBJ) to implement his plans for social reform, known as the “Great Society”.. When you have finished, move on to the next page. Pause Now!

11. Broadwater School History Department 11 Revise for GCSE Humanities: Kennedy and the New Frontier Check your learning by writing out Revision Notes from memory The “New Frontier” JFK (John Fitzgerald Kennedy) was a Democrat President. JFK had great personal charm and charisma. He promised Americans “New Frontier” reforms. The New Frontier was to deal with poverty, civil rights and the communist threat. Racial inequality and civil rights – JFK was unable to do much due to opposition from Senate and Congress. Women’s Rights and young people – JFK was popular with these groups, but he did little to help them. Poverty – JFK increased the minimum wage and social security benefits to help the poor. Failed to introduce free medical care or better housing for the poor. JFK’s death helped his successor, Lyndon Baines Johnson (LBJ) to implement his plans for social reform, known as the “Great Society”.. When you have finished, move on to the next page on Berlin. Pause Now!

12. Broadwater School History Department 12 Revise for GCSE Humanities: Kennedy and the New Frontier Copy these Revision Notes The Berlin Wall In 1945 Berlin had been divided. The Soviets wanted to control of West Berlin as its prosperity was an embarrassment. The Soviets claimed that West Berlin was used to spy on the communist east. Thousands of skilled East Germans used West Berlin to escape to West Germany. Vienna Summit Khrushchev said that the whole of Berlin should be communist. JFK mobilises extra troops and says that the freedom of all of Europe is at stake. In 1961 Khrushchev orders the building of the Berlin Wall, which ringed West Berlin. Divided the city, East and West Berliners could not visit the other part of the city. Escapees from the east were shot by border guards. June 1963 JFK visits Berlin to reinforce US determination not to back down. 1989 the opening of the Wall marked the end of the Cold War. When you have finished, move on to the next page. Pause Now!

13. Broadwater School History Department 13 Revise for GCSE Humanities: Kennedy and the New Frontier Write out the Revision Notes from memory The Berlin Wall In 1945 Berlin had been divided. The Soviets wanted to control of West Berlin as its prosperity was an embarrassment. The Soviets claimed that West Berlin was used to spy on the communist east. Thousands of skilled East Germans used West Berlin to escape to West Germany. Vienna Summit Khrushchev said that the whole of Berlin should be communist. JFK mobilises extra troops and says that the freedom of all of Europe is at stake. In 1961 Khrushchev orders the building of the Berlin Wall, which ringed West Berlin. Divided the city, East and West Berliners could not visit the other part of the city. Escapees from the east were shot by border guards. June 1963 JFK visits Berlin to reinforce US determination not to back down. 1989 the opening of the Wall marked the end of the Cold War. When you have finished, move on to the next page. Pause Now!

14. Broadwater School History Department 14 Revise for GCSE Humanities: Kennedy and the New Frontier Read the full Revision Notes The Berlin Wall In 1945 Berlin had been divided. The Soviets wanted to control of West Berlin as its prosperity was an embarrassment. The Soviets claimed that West Berlin was used to spy on the communist east. Thousands of skilled East Germans used West Berlin to escape to West Germany. Vienna Summit Khrushchev said that the whole of Berlin should be communist. JFK mobilises extra troops and says that the freedom of all of Europe is at stake. In 1961 Khrushchev orders the building of the Berlin Wall, which ringed West Berlin. Divided the city, East and West Berliners could not visit the other part of the city. Escapees from the east were shot by border guards. June 1963 JFK visits Berlin to reinforce US determination not to back down. 1989 the opening of the Wall marked the end of the Cold War. When you have finished, move on to the next page. Pause Now!

15. Broadwater School History Department 15 Revise for GCSE Humanities: Kennedy and the New Frontier Write out the Revision Notes again, from memory The Berlin Wall In 1945 Berlin had been divided. The Soviets wanted to control of West Berlin as its prosperity was an embarrassment. The Soviets claimed that West Berlin was used to spy on the communist east. Thousands of skilled East Germans used West Berlin to escape to West Germany. Vienna Summit Khrushchev said that the whole of Berlin should be communist. JFK mobilises extra troops and says that the freedom of all of Europe is at stake. In 1961 Khrushchev orders the building of the Berlin Wall, which ringed West Berlin. Divided the city, East and West Berliners could not visit the other part of the city. Escapees from the east were shot by border guards. June 1963 JFK visits Berlin to reinforce US determination not to back down. 1989 the opening of the Wall marked the end of the Cold War. When you have finished, move on to the next page on Cuba. Pause Now!

16. Broadwater School History Department 16 Revise for GCSE Humanities: Kennedy and the New Frontier Copy these Revision Notes Cuban Missiles Crisis Causes Both Kennedy and Khrushchev had failed over the Berlin Wall. JFK had allowed the Bay of Pigs The Crisis 1957 Fidel Castro seized power. He nationalised all the US owned businesses. The US stopped trading with Cuba. In 1961 JFK authorised a CIA led invasion by Cuban exiles (Bay of Pigs). It failed. There were CIA plots to assassinate Castro. Castro asked the USSR for help. Khrushchev gave financial and military aid to Cuba. The missile bases were “defensive”. In 1962 the USA discovered the USSR had set up nuclear missiles bases on Cuba. Most of the USA was within the range of the missiles. JFK under huge pressure to remove them. JFK placed an “exclusion zone”, or naval blocked of Cuba. Khrushchev backs down, in return for a US promise not to invade Cuba. USA agrees to remove MRBMs from its bases in Turkey. Results People all over the World realised how close they had come to total destruction. The USA and USSR set up a Hot Line telephone link between Moscow and Washington. The USA and USSR agreed to try to stop the spread of nuclear weapons. The USA and USSR signed a Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. JFK switched his focus to containing communism in Vietnam. When you have finished, move on to the next page. Pause Now!

17. Broadwater School History Department 17 Revise for GCSE Humanities: Kennedy and the New Frontier Write out the Revision Notes from memory Cuban Missiles Crisis Causes Both Kennedy and Khrushchev had failed over the Berlin Wall. JFK had allowed the Bay of Pigs The Crisis 1957 Fidel Castro seized power. He nationalised all the US owned businesses. The US stopped trading with Cuba. In 1961 JFK authorised a CIA led invasion by Cuban exiles (Bay of Pigs). It failed. There were CIA plots to assassinate Castro. Castro asked the USSR for help. Khrushchev gave financial and military aid to Cuba. The missile bases were “defensive”. In 1962 the USA discovered the USSR had set up nuclear missiles bases on Cuba. Most of the USA was within the range of the missiles. JFK under huge pressure to remove them. JFK placed an “exclusion zone”, or naval blocked of Cuba. Khrushchev backs down, in return for a US promise not to invade Cuba. USA agrees to remove MRBMs from its bases in Turkey. Results People all over the World realised how close they had come to total destruction. The USA and USSR set up a Hot Line telephone link between Moscow and Washington. The USA and USSR agreed to try to stop the spread of nuclear weapons. The USA and USSR signed a Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. JFK switched his focus to containing communism in Vietnam. When you have finished, move on to the next page. Pause Now!

18. Broadwater School History Department 18 Revise for GCSE Humanities: Kennedy and the New Frontier Read the full Revision Notes Cuban Missiles Crisis Causes Both Kennedy and Khrushchev had failed over the Berlin Wall. JFK had allowed the Bay of Pigs The Crisis 1957 Fidel Castro seized power. He nationalised all the US owned businesses. The US stopped trading with Cuba. In 1961 JFK authorised a CIA led invasion by Cuban exiles (Bay of Pigs). It failed. There were CIA plots to assassinate Castro. Castro asked the USSR for help. Khrushchev gave financial and military aid to Cuba. The missile bases were “defensive”. In 1962 the USA discovered the USSR had set up nuclear missiles bases on Cuba. Most of the USA was within the range of the missiles. JFK under huge pressure to remove them. JFK placed an “exclusion zone”, or naval blocked of Cuba. Khrushchev backs down, in return for a US promise not to invade Cuba. USA agrees to remove MRBMs from its bases in Turkey. Results People all over the World realised how close they had come to total destruction. The USA and USSR set up a Hot Line telephone link between Moscow and Washington. The USA and USSR agreed to try to stop the spread of nuclear weapons. The USA and USSR signed a Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. JFK switched his focus to containing communism in Vietnam. When you have finished, move on to the next page. Pause Now!

19. Broadwater School History Department 19 Revise for GCSE Humanities: Kennedy and the New Frontier Write out the Revision Notes again, from memory Cuban Missiles Crisis Causes Both Kennedy and Khrushchev had failed over the Berlin Wall. JFK had allowed the Bay of Pigs The Crisis 1957 Fidel Castro seized power. He nationalised all the US owned businesses. The US stopped trading with Cuba. In 1961 JFK authorised a CIA led invasion by Cuban exiles (Bay of Pigs). It failed. There were CIA plots to assassinate Castro. Castro asked the USSR for help. Khrushchev gave financial and military aid to Cuba. The missile bases were “defensive”. In 1962 the USA discovered the USSR had set up nuclear missiles bases on Cuba. Most of the USA was within the range of the missiles. JFK under huge pressure to remove them. JFK placed an “exclusion zone”, or naval blocked of Cuba. Khrushchev backs down, in return for a US promise not to invade Cuba. USA agrees to remove MRBMs from its bases in Turkey. Results People all over the World realised how close they had come to total destruction. The USA and USSR set up a Hot Line telephone link between Moscow and Washington. The USA and USSR agreed to try to stop the spread of nuclear weapons. The USA and USSR signed a Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. JFK switched his focus to containing communism in Vietnam. When you have finished, move on to the next page, Judging JFK. Pause Now!

20. Broadwater School History Department 20 Revise for GCSE Humanities: Kennedy and the New Frontier Write out the notes from memory Judging JFK Racial inequality and civil rights – JFK was unable to do much due to opposition from Senate and Congress. Women’s Rights and young people – JFK was popular with these groups, but he did little to help them. Poverty – JFK increased the minimum wage and expanded social security benefits to help the poor. Failed to introduce free medical care and better housing for the poor. Communism – JFK promised to be tough on communism and he was. He increased the defence budget, was decisive over the Berlin Wall and Cuban Missiles. He committed the USA to the space race and to putting US astronauts on the Moon. 1963 Test Ban Treaty with the USSR – stopped atmospheric and underwater tests. When you have finished, move on to the next page. Pause Now!

21. Broadwater School History Department 21 Revise for GCSE Humanities: Kennedy and the New Frontier Read the full Revision Notes Judging JFK Racial inequality and civil rights – JFK was unable to do much due to opposition from Senate and Congress. Women’s Rights and young people – JFK was popular with these groups, but he did little to help them. Poverty – JFK increased the minimum wage and expanded social security benefits to help the poor. Failed to introduce free medical care and better housing for the poor. Communism – JFK promised to be tough on communism and he was. He increased the defence budget, was decisive over the Berlin Wall and Cuban Missiles. He committed the USA to the space race and to putting US astronauts on the Moon. 1963 Test Ban Treaty with the USSR – stopped atmospheric and underwater tests. When you have finished, move on to the next page.

22. Broadwater School History Department 22 Revise for GCSE Humanities: Kennedy and the New Frontier Write out the notes from memory Judging JFK Racial inequality and civil rights – JFK was unable to do much due to opposition from Senate and Congress. Women’s Rights and young people – JFK was popular with these groups, but he did little to help them. Poverty – JFK increased the minimum wage and expanded social security benefits to help the poor. Failed to introduce free medical care and better housing for the poor. Communism – JFK promised to be tough on communism and he was. He increased the defence budget, was decisive over the Berlin Wall and Cuban Missiles. He committed the USA to the space race and to putting US astronauts on the Moon. 1963 Test Ban Treaty with the USSR – stopped atmospheric and underwater tests. Pause Now! You have finished this unit. Keep your notes safe and come back soon.