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Theme 3 : Geographical Issues on a Continental Scale North and South America
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The Americas: fractures, competition & integration – The American Continent between tensions and regional integration
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The Americas: Power of the North and Assertion of the South
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I. A Cultural Mosaic
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Environmental Threats
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Key questions: To what extent does the American continent portray a model of unequal development? How extensive is North and South American integration?
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A. North America: Major Pole of the Triad 1.US and Canada are the two major powers of North America – Trade between the 2 nations has doubled since the creation of NAFTA – Competition remains strong Heavy industry, automobile, lumber – Canadian economy very dependent on US market
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2. US economy the most powerful and most diversified in the world – On continental scale, the U.S. embodies an attractive model of a superpower giant – Top investors in the continent, esp Canada & Mexico
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3. Canada: rich in natural resources and major exporter of raw materials – SE Canada contains major metropolises (Toronto & Montreal) – Its extensive integration in the US contributed to the emergence of a vast cross-border region referred to as Main Street
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Canada’s Industrial Heartland Most of Canada’s Industries are Located near the St. Lawrence Lowlands and these 4 cities : – Quebec City – Montreal – Ottawa – Toronto Huge labor population Near a great source of water for manufacturing and power 60% of Canada's wealth is located in these areas Services: 83% of people live in cities
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Canada’s Huge Heartland agricultural mining (iron, copper, nickel, uranium) Energy (hydroelectricity, petroleum)
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B. Integration of emerging countries in globalization 1.Brazil stands out as the regional power of South America – 1 st country in FDI on the subcontinent, acts as a counterweight to US domination – Marked by major social inequalities
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2. Mexico, Argentina and Chili sometimes referred to as “Jaguars” Mexico – 1 st foreign investor 2 nd recipient of FDI in Latin America – Proximity of US asset (exports) & drawback (dependence) – Role model of insertion in the world economy Chile (Copper, fruit) & Argentina (Wheat, soy bean) – Major exporters of raw materials and agricultural foodstuffs
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3. Venezuela, Columbia & Peru dependent on exporting raw materials Venezuela – 7 th world petroleum exporter – Holds largest oil reserves on the planet Peru – GDP tripled from 2000 to 2010 Columbia – Exports coffee and coal
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GDP of Countries in North and South America CountryGDP/capita (dollars) The USA47,283 Canada46,214 Uruguay11,997 Chili11,827 Brazil10,817 Mexico9,565 Argentina9,138 Columbia6,273 Bolivia1,858 Nicaragua1,126 Haiti672 Source: IMF 2010
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Summing it all up Video: 3’24 How are the Americas interconnected?
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