1. About Tenement Houses??? About conditions in the cities??? About the lives of immigrants???

3. Urbanization- the movement of people from farms to cities By 1860 only 1 in 5 Americans lived in a city By 1890 1 in 3 did Jobs drew people into the city Steel mills, meatpacking plants, garment factories, sales clerks, etc.

4. Cities flooded with immigrants, farmers from the plains, and African Americans Chicago, Detroit, NY, Philadelphia grew in African American neighborhoods

5. What is urbanization? Who was moving into the cities during the late 1800s and early 1900s?

6. The poorest people lived in the cities’ center in small apartments called tenements. Many had no windows, heat, bathrooms Whole families would fit into one room! Sickness and disease spread rapidly throughout the overcrowded cities

11. Doctors, lawyers, business managers, skilled workers, office workers The conditions in this housing section was much improved from the slums of the poor

12. Lived on the outskirts of the city in mansions 5 th Ave in NY city The wealthy lived like European royalty

13. Describe the “city settlement patterns” of people living the city. What are tenement houses?

14. Cities were filthy Garbage lay in the streets, plumbing was scarce, crowded, polluted, sickness Crime ran high as law enforcement was still developing

15. Building Codes- standards for construction and safety Fire escapes, plumbing, etc. Trash removal, street cleaners Zoning Laws- disallowed companies from building factories in the center of the city Police forces and fire stations Underground sewer systems and clean water

16. Catholic Church helped many Polish, Irish, and Italian immigrants Many Protestant ministers urged middle and upper class citizens to lend a hand as well The Salvation Army offered food and shelter to the poor The Young Men’s Hebrew Association helped many Jewish immigrants

17. Settlement houses- community centers that offered services to the poor Jane Adams from Chicago- led this movement She started the Chicago Hull House in 1889 These houses helped them “acculturate” and learn American culture and language and gave them a place to stay

18. 1. What is urbanization? What impact did this have on city life? 2. Describe what the lower class housing was like in cities during the late 1800s. 3. What were some of the city problems that existed during the late 1800s? 4. What were some of the things that were created to help people/immigrants when they moved into the cities? Give two examples.