2. CONTENTS 9-1Simple Past Tense: Using Where, Why, When, and What TimeSimple Past Tense: Using Where, Why, When, and What Time 9-2Questions with WhatQuestions with What 9-3 Questions with Who and WhomQuestions with Who and Whom 9-4Simple Past Tense: Irregular Verbs (Group 5)Simple Past Tense: Irregular Verbs (Group 5) 9-5Simple Past Tense: Irregular Verbs (Group 6)Simple Past Tense: Irregular Verbs (Group 6) 9-6Simple Past Tense: Irregular Verbs (Group 7)Simple Past Tense: Irregular Verbs (Group 7) 9-7Before and After in Time ClausesBefore and After in Time Clauses 9-8When in Time ClausesWhen in Time Clauses 9-9Present Progressive and Past ProgressivePresent Progressive and Past Progressive 9-10 Using While with the Past ProgressiveUsing While with the Past Progressive 9-11 Simple Past Tense vs. Past ProgressiveSimple Past Tense vs. Past Progressive

3. 3 Where did you go? 9-1 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: USING WHERE, WHY, WHEN, AND WHAT TIME

4. 4 QUESTION SHORT ANSWER (a) Did you go home? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. (b) Where did you go?Home. (c) Were you at home? Yes, I was. No, I wasn’t. (d) Where were you?Home. 9-1 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: USING WHERE, WHY, WHEN, AND WHAT TIME

5. 5 QUESTION SHORT ANSWER (e) Did you drive because you were late? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. (f) Why did you drive?Because I was late. (g) Did Ali go at six? Yes, he did. No, he didn’t. (h) When What time At six.did Ali go? 9-1 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: USING WHERE, WHY, WHEN, AND WHAT TIME

6. 6 WHEN (i) What time did Ali go? At four. Twelve o’clock. Around 4:30. WHAT TIME (j) When did Ali go? At four. Twelve o’clock. Around 4:30. On Friday. Last month. November 29th. various 9-1 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: USING WHERE, WHY, WHEN, AND WHAT TIME

7. 7 To learn English. (I went to class to learn English.) 9-1 Let’s Practice Why did you go to class _______ _______ ______?

8. 8 Did you eat breakfast Yes, I did. (I ate breakfast.) 9-1 Let’s Practice _________ ________?

9. 9 Nothing. (I didn’t eat breakfast.) What did you eat for breakfast 9-1 Let’s Practice _____________ ____________?

10. 10 What did Joe see? 9-2 QUESTIONS WITH WHAT

11. 11 A bat. He saw a bat. Yes, he did. He saw a bat. (a) Did Joe see a bat? (b) What did Joe see? QUESTION + HELPING + SUBJECT + MAIN WORD VERB VERB 9-2 QUESTIONS WITH WHAT

12. 12 An apple. She’s eating an apple. Yes, she is. She’s eating an apple. (c) Is Jen eating an apple? (d) What is Jen eating? QUESTION + HELPING + SUBJECT + MAIN WORD VERB VERB 9-2 QUESTIONS WITH WHAT

13. 13 (e) Sam drank some milk. (f) What did Sam drink? S V O some milkobject of the verb O V S V object of the verb What 9-2 QUESTIONS WITH WHAT

14. 14 They saw a movie. What did they see 9-2 Let’s Practice A movie. SHORT ANSWER LONG ANSWER __________________?

15. 15 _______________________________? I got a computer for my birthday. What did you get for your birthday A computer. 9-2 Let’s Practice SHORT ANSWER LONG ANSWER

16. 16 ______________________? What do they like to do 9-2 Let’s Practice They like to fish. Fish. SHORT ANSWER LONG ANSWER

17. 17 Who did you see? 9-3 QUESTIONS WITH WHO AND WHOM

18. 18 She saw Oscar. A bird. QUESTION ANSWER (a) What did she see? (b) Who did she see? Oscar. She saw a bird. 9-3 QUESTIONS WITH WHO AND WHOM Whatthings Whopeople

19. 19 Oscar. QUESTION ANSWER (c) Who did she see? (d) Whom did she see? Oscar. Whom Who She saw Oscar. same meaning 9-3 QUESTIONS WITH WHO AND WHOM

20. 20 Whom Who formal English everyday English 9-3 QUESTIONS WITH WHO AND WHOM

21. 21 Oscar. QUESTION ANSWER (e) Who(m) did she see? Who(m)object of verb She saw Oscar. O 9-3 QUESTIONS WITH WHO AND WHOM O

22. 22 Pedro. QUESTION ANSWER (g) Who did that? (h) Who knows her? Lea. Pedro did that. Lea knows her. S 9-3 QUESTIONS WITH WHO AND WHOM S S S S (f) Who came? Zoe.Zoe came. S

23. 23 Who read the email? Mariella emailed Abe. Abe read the message. Abe called Mariella. Mariella. Who emailed Abe? Abe. Who called Mariella. 9-3 Let’s Practice

24. 24 Who went for a ride with Amin? Jalal bought a new car. His daughter, Amin, borrowed it. She took Jane for a ride. Who borrowed it? Jalal. Who bought a new car? Amin. Jane. 9-3 Let’s Practice

25. 25 How much did your car cost? 9-4 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 5)

26. 26 PRESENT PAST cost cost How much does it cost ? How much did it cost last year? 9-4 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 5)

27. 27 PRESENT PAST forget forgot Did I forget your birthday? I forgot your birthday last year. 9-4 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 5)

28. 28 PRESENT PAST give gave She gives me very nice gifts. Yesterday she gave me a CD. 9-4 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 5)

29. 29 PRESENT PAST cut cut hit hit hurt hurt lend lent makemade shut shut spend spent understand understood 9-4 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 5)

30. 30 Did you shut the oven door? 9-4 Let’s Practice Yes, I the oven door. shut

31. 31 Did you make that cake for me? 9-4 Let’s Practice Yes, I it for your birthday. made

32. 32 Sometimes I spend too much money. 9-4 Let’s Practice I know. Last week you $200. spent

33. 33 The wind blew very hard yesterday. 9-5 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 6)

34. 34 PRESENT PAST blow blew Sometimes the wind blows hard. Last week it blew very hard. 9-5 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 6)

35. 35 PRESENT PAST grow grew He grows tomatoes in his garden. He grew many tomatoes last year. 9-5 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 6)

36. 36 PRESENT PAST swim swam We swim in the ocean in the summer. We swam in the ocean last summer. 9-5 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 6)

37. 37 PRESENT PAST draw drew fall fell feel felt keep kept know knew throwthrew win won 9-5 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 6)

38. 38 I tomatoes, carrots, and beets. What did you grow in your garden? 9-5 Let’s Practice grew

39. 39 I know. He off his bicycle yesterday. Sometimes he falls off his bicycle. 9-5 Let’s Practice fell

40. 40 Teresa became a dentist. 9-6 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 7)

41. 41 PRESENT PAST become became You can become a doctor. Alisa became a doctor last year. 9-6 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 7)

42. 42 PRESENT PAST build built My mom builds office buildings. She built a new one in our city. 9-6 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 7)

43. 43 PRESENT PAST bend bent bite bit feed fed fightfought hide hid hold held shake shook 9-6 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 7)

44. 44 When I am scared, I ____. Yesterday I saw a snake. I ___. 9-6 Let’s Practice hide hid hide hid

45. 45 9-6 Let’s Practice What did I do when I saw the snake? You ___.hid hide hid

46. 46 Every afternoon, we ____ the horses. We ___ them today at 3 o’clock. fed feed 9-6 Let’s Practice feed fed

47. 47 What did we do at 3:00 this afternoon? You ____________. 9-6 Let’s Practice fed the horses feed fed

48. 48 They ate dinner before I arrived. 9-7 BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES We ate dessert after I arrived.

49. 49 (a) They ate dinner. S V a complete sentence = a main clause 9-7 BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES (b) before I arrived = a time clause an incomplete sentence S V

50. 50 (c) They ate dinner before I arrived. S V main clausetime clause A time clause must connect with a main clause. 9-7 BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES (d) Before I arrived, they ate dinner. main clausetime clause S V

51. 51 They ate dinner before I arrived. main clause time clause 9-7 BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES

52. 52 Before I arrived, they ate dinner. time clause, main clause 9-7 BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES

53. 53 (d) Before I arrived, they ate dinner. time clause before + S + V after + S + V time clauses 9-7 BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES (e) We ate dessert after I arrived. time clause S V

54. 54 (e) We ate dessert after I arrived. main clausetime clause (f) After I arrived, we ate dessert. main clausetime clause 9-7 BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES

55. 55 (g) I read a book after dinner. prep. phrase (h) I watched TV before dinner. prep. phrase 9-7 BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES after + noun before + noun = prepositional phrase N N

56. 56 Before we moved to Maryland, we lived in California. time clausemain clause 9-7 Let’s Practice ? ?

57. 57 ? ? I studied very hard before the test. time clausemain clause 9-7 Let’s Practice

58. 58 After we studied, we went out. time clausemain clause 9-7 Let’s Practice ? ?

59. 59 When the rain stopped, we took a walk. 9-8 WHEN IN TIME CLAUSES

60. 60 (a) When the rain stopped, we took a walk. We took a walk when the rain stopped. When can introduce a time clause. time clauses 9-8 WHEN IN TIME CLAUSES OR

61. 61 Arnoldo lived in Peru when he was young. noun pronoun (Arnoldo) (he) (b) When Arnoldo was young, he lived in Peru. 9-8 WHEN IN TIME CLAUSES OR

62. 62 (c) When did the snow stop? = a question (d) when the snow stopped = a time clause a question = a complete sentence 9-8 WHEN IN TIME CLAUSES a time clause = not a sentence

63. 63 When he served dinner, A. I went to a party. B. I sat down to eat. C. she began exercising. 9-8 Let’s Practice

64. 64 A. she climbed a mountain. When she went swimming, B. she bought a tiger. C. she got wet. 9-8 Let’s Practice

65. 65 A. her feet hurt. When Josey wore her new shoes, B. when she went to school. C. we ran home. 9-8 Let’s Practice

66. 66 It is 7 P.M. now. Alexis is shopping. 9-9 PRESENT PROGRESSIVE AND PAST PROGRESSIVE Yesterday at 7 P.M., Alexis was shopping.

67. 67 (a) It’s noon now. Angie is eating lunch. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (b) I saw her at noon yesterday. She was eating lunch. PAST PROGRESSIVE 9-9 PRESENT PROGRESSIVE AND PAST PROGRESSIVE

68. 68 (c) It’s noon. I am eating lunch. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE FORM: AM IS It’s noon. Jung is eating lunch. It’s noon. We are eating lunch. + -ING ARE 9-9 PRESENT PROGRESSIVE AND PAST PROGRESSIVE

69. 69 (d) It was noon. PAST PROGRESSIVE FORM: WAS WERE Jung was eating lunch. + -ING We were going to class. 9-9 PRESENT PROGRESSIVE AND PAST PROGRESSIVE

70. 70 When I saw my teacher, she ___________ at her watch. She was late. 9-9 Let’s Practice was looking look

71. 71 When I arrived, the students __________the test. were taking take 9-9 Let’s Practice

72. 72 When the class started, he _________ in his seat. was sitting 9-9 Let’s Practice sit

73. 73 Mary went to her yoga class last night. The class _______ at 5:00 and ______ at 7:00. 9-9 Let’s Practice started ended start end

74. 74 She had fun while she was flying. 9-10 USING WHILE WITH THE PAST PROGRESSIVE

75. 75 (a) She had fun while she was flying. (b) While she was flying, she had fun. while + subject + verb = a time clause 9-10 USING WHILE WITH THE PAST PROGRESSIVE

76. 76 (a) She had fun while she was flying. (b) While she was flying, she had fun. activity in progress activity happened 9-10 USING WHILE WITH THE PAST PROGRESSIVE

77. 77 He was fixing his car. He hurt his back. 9-10 Let’s Practice While ___________ his car he _________his back.,he was fixing hurt

78. 78 It started snowing. I was driving to work. 9-10 Let’s Practice While ____________________, ________________. I was driving to work it started snowing

79. 79 While he _________________, ___________________. He was running to work. He looked at his watch. 9-10 Let’s Practice he looked at his watch was running to work ___________________ while _______________________. He looked at his watch he was running to work

80. 80 Kyung emailed me last week. 9-11 SIMPLE PAST TENSE vs. PAST PROGRESSIVE I was studying when Kyung emailed me.

81. 81 (a) Kyung emailed me this morning. (b) I studied for two hours on Monday. (c) We visited my mom on Saturday. (d) They watched a movie last night. began and ended at a time in the past Simple Past 9-11 SIMPLE PAST TENSE vs. PAST PROGRESSIVE

82. 82 activity in progress when another action happened (e) I was cooking when Jill came over last night. (f) While I was cooking last night, Jill came over. Past Progressive 9-11 SIMPLE PAST TENSE vs. PAST PROGRESSIVE

83. 83 (g) I ordered dinner when the waiter came over. first 9-11 SIMPLE PAST TENSE vs. PAST PROGRESSIVE second

84. 84 (h) When the movie ended, I walked out. (i) When the movie ended, I was walking out. COMPARE 1 2 12 9-11 SIMPLE PAST TENSE vs. PAST PROGRESSIVE

85. 85 When the bell ____, we ____ home. wentrang 9-11 Let’s Practice ring go

86. 86 While I ___________, my dog ________. ran away was sleeping 9-11 Let’s Practice sleep run away

87. 87 When I ___ my wife, I ________ in Berlin. met was living 9-11 Let’s Practice meet live

88. 88 Images used under license from: Shutterstock, Inc. Clipart.com PHOTO CREDITS