1. Improving Transportation Through Innovative Engineering A Personal Rapid Transit Airport Automated People Mover Comparison Peter Muller PRT Consulting ATRA January 2008 A Personal Rapid Transit Airport Automated People Mover Comparison Peter Muller PRT Consulting ATRA January 2008

2. Improving Transportation Through Innovative EngineeringOverview Define AAPM and PRT Compare –Operating Characteristics –Infrastructure –Costs –Level of Service –Safety and Security PRT Viability Airport Design & Operational Impacts Summary of Results

3. Improving Transportation Through Innovative Engineering Airport Automated People Movers Driverless Train on a guideway One to four, 20 to 100 passenger cars Most passengers stand Stops at all stations Short regular headways (minutes)

4. Improving Transportation Through Innovative Engineering Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) Driverless vehicles on a guideway One to four seated passengers plus luggage Direct origin to destination service –No need to transfer or stop Service on demand – not scheduled Very short headways (seconds)

5. Open Guideway (ULTra) Captive Bogey (Postech) Suspended (JPods)

6. Improving Transportation Through Innovative Engineering Comparative Visualization Personal Rapid Transit and Airport Automated People Mover Comparative Visualization Personal Rapid Transit and Airport Automated People Mover

7. Destination Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4 Personal Rapid Transit Automated People Mover

8. Destination Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4 Personal Rapid Transit Automated People Mover

9. Destination Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4 Personal Rapid Transit Automated People Mover

10. Destination Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4 Personal Rapid Transit Automated People Mover

11. Destination Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4 Personal Rapid Transit Automated People Mover

12. Improving Transportation Through Innovative Engineering PRT/AAPM Visualization PRTAAPM Headway 4 seconds 90 seconds Ave. occupancy 2.021 Station volume 840 per hour Guideway volume shown 1,600 per hour 840 per hour

13. Improving Transportation Through Innovative EngineeringInfrastructure Guideways –PRT = ½ AAPM cost & capacity ± May be more useful to compare cost per station –Elevated PRT column loads = 12% AAPM ± –At Grade PRT similar to sidewalk –Below Grade 2 PRT guideways = ½ cross-section for 1 AAPM guideway ±

14. Improving Transportation Through Innovative Engineering

15. Improving Transportation Through Innovative Engineering

16. Improving Transportation Through Innovative Engineering Heathrow Tunnel

17. Improving Transportation Through Innovative EngineeringStations PRT stations are typically smaller (even for same capacity) Tight radii (15’) and steep (10%) gradients make PRT station flexible

18. Improving Transportation Through Innovative Engineering

19. Improving Transportation Through Innovative Engineering Airport Concourse Station

20. Improving Transportation Through Innovative Engineering Operating Cost Per Passenger Automated systems tend to have lower costs AAPMs can cost less than $1.00 per passenger Morgantown PRT costs $1.50 per passenger Modern PRT expected to cost less than Morgantown and AAPMs

21. Improving Transportation Through Innovative Engineering Capital Costs per Passenger Site specific Studies suggest 2 to 5 times less than AAPM Turnkey costs for open-guideway PRT = $10 – $15 million per one-way mile

22. Improving Transportation Through Innovative Engineering Level of Service Little or no waiting (<1 minute at LHR) Non-stop Seated travel Private Total trip times about ½ of AAPM Expected to match AAPM 99.7% availability

23. Improving Transportation Through Innovative Engineering Safety and Security One way traffic Lower maximum speeds Separated from other traffic and pedestrians Crowding (a potential security vulnerability) is avoided 110 million injury-free passenger miles at Morgantown (regular transit would have injured over 100)

24. Improving Transportation Through Innovative EngineeringViability Morgantown has proven the concept Currently no vendors with long history of viability ULTra –On schedule for public service at Heathrow in 2008 –BAA is buying stock 2getthere –Ten-year track record with similar systems in Holland Vectus –Subsidiary of Posco –Aggressive testing program in Sweden

25. Improving Transportation Through Innovative Engineering Potential Airport Design & Operational Impacts Replace shuttle buses –Reduce curbside congestion/pollution –Bring passengers into terminal

26. Improving Transportation Through Innovative Engineering

27. Improving Transportation Through Innovative Engineering Potential Airport Design & Operational Impacts Seated travel terminal to gate Smaller independent concourses On-board airline functions & security screening –Change functionality of terminal –Consolidate waiting and concessions in same area –Just-in-time passenger delivery to gate

28. Improving Transportation Through Innovative Engineering Summary of Results (1 = poor, 5 = excellent) ItemAAPMPRT Elevated guideways24 At grade guideways23 Below grade guideways24 Stations23 Capital Costs13 Operating Costs34

29. Improving Transportation Through Innovative Engineering Summary of Results (1 = poor, 5 = excellent) ItemAAPMPRT Level of service25 Safety44 Security24 Viability43 Flexibility24 Potential side benefits25

30. Improving Transportation Through Innovative Engineering Contact Information Peter Muller PRT Consulting, Inc. 1340 Deerpath Trail, Ste 200 Franktown, CO 80116 Ph: 303-565-1800 Cell: 303-652-7541 Fax: (303) 309-1913 www.prtconsulting.com prtconsulting.com