1. csm51MAR2002 TYRE SAFETY Partners in Road Safety John Graham & Martin Keen ROAD SAFETY MONITORING TEAM

2. TYRE SAFETY WORN OUT TYRES csm51MAR2002 ALL FROM ONE TRUCK

3. TYRE SAFETY WORN OUT TYRES csm51MAR2002 ALL FROM ONE TRUCK

4. TYRE SAFETY WORN OUT TYRES csm51MAR2002 FROM ONE TRUCK

5. TYRE SAFETY OVERLOADING 15 Tonnes Overload on 25T capacity King Trailer. !! csm51MAR2002 DO NOT OVERLOAD TYRES!

6. TYRE SAFETY OVERLOADING csm51MAR2002 Prime mover overloaded on rear axle Two tyres blew: immobilised Truck. A following vehicle ran into rear One Dead Tyre overloading was a significant contributing factor to this fatality

7. TYRE SAFETY OVERLOADING csm51MAR2002 Grossly overloaded rear single axle of Prime Mover. Tyre blew. Driver pulled over onto sloping hard shoulder. Centre of Gravity did the rest. Tyres were overloaded- started the sequence of events.

8. TYRE SAFETY csm51MAR2002 Tanker was driven I Km on “Flat” Tyre. Tread Separated Driver Overreacted ROLLOVER Running on a deflated tyre, a significant contributory factor in this incident

9. TYRE SAFETY UNSAFE CONDITUION csm51MAR2002 Tread separating from inside dual tyre of a BUS--”egged” Drivers Daily Checks done?? How long was this tyre like this???

10. TYRE SAFETY FAST and HOT = OVERHEATING csm51MAR2002 High speed journey from Muscat over 120kph non stop -past Nizwa, front tyre blew. Rollover No seatbelts being worn TWO DEAD

11. TYRE SAFETY FAST and HOT csm51MAR2002 Tread Separation. Driver lost control ran off road Tread Separation. Driver lost control ran off road. Again, a long distance fast trip in heat. Tyre pressures checked??

12. Tyres are the only points of contact between your vehicle and the road. They affect steering, braking and acceleration. Your Safety therefore depends on a relatively small contact patch or “tyre-footprint” area. YOU MUST TAKE CARE OF YOUR TYRES NEGLECTING THEM CAN COST LIVES Most tyres nowadays are tubeless ; Constructed in a manner that does away with an inflatable inner tube. These tyres normally have the mark “TL” or “Tubeless” written on their sidewalls. TYRE SAFETY

13. Tubeless Tyre Tyre and the rim of the wheel together form an air container-the inner wall of the tyre has an airtight lining. Air movement during puncture of a tubeless tyre: “ If a sharp object, eg. a nail, punctures the tread, air escapes only around the nail. Generally results in gradual deflation as long as the nail remains in the tyre: a typical “SLOW puncture” Tubed Tyre Tyre is kept inflated by air in the inner tube. Air pressure causes the tube`s valve to fit into, and thus seal, the valve hole in the wheel rim. Air movement during puncture of a tubed tyre: flat tyre in seconds. If a sharp object goes through the tread and puntures the tube, tube (and valve) immediately shrink leaving the valve hole unsealed. Air escapes QUICKLY, entire tyre collapses = flat tyre in seconds.

14. DO NOT FIT TUBES INTO TUBELESS TYRES: The rubbing of the inner tube against the tyre casing (designed to be tubeless, therefore tubeless tyres have rougher inside linings) creates additional heat increasing the likelihood of tyre failure. TUBELESS TYRES HAVE BETTER HANDLING, HANDLING, RIDE COMFORTRIDE COMFORT SAFETY CHARACTERISTICSSAFETY CHARACTERISTICS DO NOT DIMINISH THESE ADVANTAGES BY FITTING TUBES TO TUBELESS TYRES. TYRE SAFETY

15. DO NOT FIT TUBES INTO TUBELESS TYRES: By inserting a tube into a tubeless tyre it is converted completely into a tube-type tyre and rim combination : ie. It will deflate very quickly when punctured, and you may lose control of the vehicle. The running characteristics of the tubeless tyre can be adversely affected by inserting a tube, eg. Side wall flexibility.The running characteristics of the tubeless tyre can be adversely affected by inserting a tube, eg. Side wall flexibility. TYRE SAFETY

16. CHECK TYRES DAILY Correct tyre pressures-including sparesCorrect tyre pressures-including spares Tread Depth (min1.6mm over 75% of tread width)Tread Depth (min1.6mm over 75% of tread width) No cuts, bumps or lumpsNo cuts, bumps or lumps No bulges or tearsNo bulges or tears No mixing of different tyres on same axle (weight rating, tread, type)No mixing of different tyres on same axle (weight rating, tread, type) No cord or ply showingNo cord or ply showing Tyres suitable for vehicle use and loadingTyres suitable for vehicle use and loading No stones wedged between dual tyresNo stones wedged between dual tyres Store tyres correctly-upright, in cool & dry, rotate stockStore tyres correctly-upright, in cool & dry, rotate stock Use a tyre cage when inflating heavy tyresUse a tyre cage when inflating heavy tyres TYRE SAFETY NEGLECTING TYRES COSTS LIVES

17. ROAD SAFETY MONITORING TEAM csm51MAR2002 TYRE SAFETY Partners in Road Safety John Graham & Martin Keen kPabar lb/in 2 (psi) kPabar 1501.522.02002.029.0 1601.623.02102.130.5 1701.724.52202.232.0 1801.826.02302.333.5 1901.927.52402.435.0 Equivalent Pressures:

18. csm51MAR2002 THE FACTS Partners in Road Safety John Graham & Martin Keen ROAD SAFETY MONITORING TEAM

19. csm51MAR2002 TYRE SAFETY Partners in Road Safety John Graham & Martin Keen ROAD SAFETY MONITORING TEAM THE END