1. Chapter 6 The Muscular System
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
Seventh Edition
Elaine N. Marieb
Chapter 6 The Muscular System
Slides 6.32 – 6.44
Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

2. Types of Ordinary Body Movements
1. Flexion – decrease in angle of joint, brings bones closer together. Ex. Hinge Joint
2. Extension – Increase angle of joint, bring bones farther apart . . .Can have hyperextension = > 180 degrees
3. Rotation
4. Abduction – Moving limb away from midline
5. Adduction – Moving limb closer to midline
6. Circumduction – combo of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. Seen in ball and socket joints like the shoulder: proximal end is stationery, yet distal end can move in a circle and make a cone shape.
Slide 6.32
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3. Body Movements Figure 6.13 Slide 6.33
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4. Special Movements 1. Dorsifelxion – up movement of foot
2. Plantar flexion – down movement of foot
3. Inversion – turn sole of foot medial
4. Eversion – turn sole of foot laterally
5. Supination – movement around radius and ulna  “turning backward”, radius and ulna are parallel
6. Pronation  “turning foreward”, radius rotates over ulna.
7. Opposition – movement of thumb when touch tips of other fingers on same hand
Slide 6.34

5. Types of Muscles  muscles cannot push, can only pull
Types of Muscles  muscles cannot push, can only pull. So most body movements are a result of muscles acting against eachother
Prime mover – muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement
Antagonist – muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover
Synergist – muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent rotation
Fixator – stabilizes the origin of a prime mover
Slide 6.35
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6. Naming of Skeletal Muscles
Direction of muscle fibers
Example: rectus (straight)
Relative size of the muscle
Example: maximus (largest)
Slide 6.36a
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7. Naming of Skeletal Muscles
Location of the muscle
Example: many muscles are named for bones (e.g., temporalis)
Number of origins
Example: triceps (three heads)
Slide 6.36b
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8. Naming of Skeletal Muscles
Location of the muscles origin and insertion
Example: sterno (on the sternum)
Shape of the muscle
Example: deltoid (triangular)
Action of the muscle
Example: flexor and extensor (flexes or extends a bone)
Slide 6.37
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9. Head and Neck Muscles Figure 6.14 Slide 6.38
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10. Trunk Muscles Figure 6.15 Slide 6.39
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11. Deep Trunk and Arm Muscles
Figure 6.16
Slide 6.40
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12. Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, and Thigh
Figure 6.18c
Slide 6.41
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13. Muscles of the Lower Leg
Figure 6.19
Slide 6.42
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14. Superficial Muscles: Anterior
Figure 6.20
Slide 6.43
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15. Superficial Muscles: Posterior
Figure 6.21
Slide 6.44
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings