1. Section A: Applied Anatomy and Physiology 5. Functions of muscles

2. Syllabus Function of muscles as agonists, antagonists, fixators and synergists

3. Function of Muscle The transformation of chemical energy into mechanical energy to: – Generate force – Perform work – Produce movement – Other functions include: stabilisation and generation of heat

4. Properties of Muscular Tissue Electrical excitability Contractility – Generates tension while pulling on its attachment points Extensibility – Ability to stretch without being damaged Elasticity – Ability to return to its original length and shape

5. Agonist The muscle that is directly responsible for the movement at a joint Also known as the prime mover

6. Antagonist A muscle that has an action opposite to that of an agonist (prime mover) and helps in the production of a co-ordinated movement

7. Synergist A muscle which contracts to enhance the efficiency of the prime mover by preventing any undesired movement It forms part of the co-operation or antagonist effect of the muscles which work together to ensure co-ordinated movement Also known as neutalisers