1. AP Human Geography

2. What is religion? Religion is a set of common beliefs and practices generally held by a group of people. Religion is human beings' relation to the things that they regard as holy, sacred, spiritual, or divine. Humans often get their sense of purpose and moral values from religion. Religious beliefs are found in virtually every society throughout human history. Geographers study the conflict that arises between religions and also religious influence on cultural landscape.

3. Universalizing vs. Ethnic Religions Universalizing Ethnic Global Appeals to all people Location does not matter Ex. Christianity, Buddhism, Islam Local Appeals to one group of people in one place Ex. Judaism, Hinduism, Taoism, Shinto

4. Mono vs. Poly Theism Monotheism Polytheism Belief in one god. Ex. Judaism, Christianity, Islam Belief in multiple gods. Ex. Hinduism, Animism.

5. Divisions Within a Religion Branch- large and fundamental division within a religion. Ex. Islam in divided into Sunni and Shia Ex. Christianity is divided into Catholic, Protestant, and East Orthodox Denomination- division of a single branch. Ex. Protestant denominations include Baptist, Lutheran, and Methodist. Sect- a small group that has broken away from the larger denomination.

6. Major Branches Within Christianity

8. Universalizing: Christianity Origin: Jerusalem (30 AD) Founder: Jesus Christ (based on Judaism) Diffusion: Roman Empire, European Colonization, Missionaries Holy Book: Bible (Old and New Testament) Major Branches: Catholic, Protestant, E. Orthodox Core Beliefs/ Teachings: Jesus was messiah that the Jews were waiting for/ son of God Died on the cross to save humans from sin Belief in Resurrection=heaven Holy Places: Vatican, Church of Holy Sepulchre. Modern Locations: All continents, predom. In NA, SA, EUR, AUS. Followers: Over 2 billion

9. Jesus, is that you?

10. Holy Site

11. Universalizing: Islam Origin: Saudi Arabia (622 AD) Founder: Mohammad (based on Judaism) Diffusion: Arab armies Holy Book: Quran Major Branches: Sunni, Shiite (Shia) Core Beliefs/ Teachings: 5 Pillars of Islam Mohammed is most impt. Prophet Jesus is prophet, but not as impt. As Mohammed Holy Places: Mecca (Ka’ba), Medina Modern Locations: SW Asia (Middle East), N. Africa, Central Asia, Southern Asia. Also Europe and NA. Followers: 1.3 billion

12. Mecca

14. Universalizing: Buddhism Origin: Nepal (530 BC) Founder: Siddhartha Gautama, original Buddha. Diffusion: Magadhan Empire, merchants (China) Holy Book: n/a Major Branches: Mahayana, Theravada, Tantrayana. Core Beliefs/ Teachings: Four Noble Truths (Desire= Suffering) Eightfold Path Nirvana Can follow other religions Holy Places: 8 holy shrines, 4 miracle sites, all connect to Buddha. Modern Locations: China, SE Asia Followers: 400 million

15. Buddha

16. Buddhist Temple and Monks

17. Ethnic: Hinduism Origin: 2500-1500 BC Founder: No specific founder Diffusion: Little diffusion, relocation Holy Book: no single holy book Core Beliefs/ Teachings: Individual decides best way to worship god Many paths to god Polytheistic No rigid rules Holy Places: many (natural features, shrines, Ganges river) Modern Locations: India (97%), Nepal Followers: 900 million

18. Vishnu

19. Ganges River

20. Ethnic: Judaism Origin: Canaan (Israel) (2000 BC) Founder: Abraham Diffusion: Diaspora to Europe, to U.S. and Israel post- WWII Holy Book: Torah (Old Testament) Core Beliefs/ Teachings: Ten Commandments Monotheism Still waiting for Messiah Holy Places: Jerusalem, Western Wall, Mt. Sinai Modern Locations: Israel (1/3), U.S. (1/3), rest of world (1/3) Followers: 14 million

21. Abraham and Moses

22. Western Wall and Orthodox Jews

23. Other Ethnic Religions Confucianism (China) Daoism/ Taoism (China) Shinto (Japan) Animism (Africa)