1. Chapter 7

2.  Regionally diverse by religion, economics, social organization  Common theme of education to strengthen morality, assist the growing economy, preserve the social order…a rationale far more practical than intellectual http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd/british_colonies_1763-76.jpg

3. I think schooling is most important to 1. Rake the scholars from the rubbish 2. Educate the many, but not too much

4. I believe Satan is 1. An outdated superstitious idea 2. Active in the affairs of humans 3. A working metaphor

5.  Old Deluder Satan Act of 1647…every town of 50 or more families to have a primary school and 100 or more families to have a Latin Grammar School http://www.coe.uga.edu/sdpl/historyofedarchitecture/historyofedarchitecture_files/image002.jpg

6.  By 1683 anyone with children under their guidance who had not learned to read and write by age twelve or learned a useful trade, was fined http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/cp/vol-02/no-03/school/images/primer.gif

7.  Dame schools  Primers…reading books to advance literacy and moral and religious lessons http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/historians/images/kaestle4.jpg

8.  New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania…diversity of churches and languages and schools  Schools of Pennsylvania often taught in German…also many parochial schools run by Quakers http://www.fwbo-news.org/uploaded_images/mitraloka_school_languages-771511.jpg

9.  Children of the plantation often had tutors, sometimes boarding schools http://judicial-inc.biz/j_hist1.jpg

10.  Sons of wealthy landowners often schooled in England or Europe  Females often were taught the womanly arts  Poor whites and all African Americans unschooled

11.  Northwest Ordinance of 1785 required the Midwestern territories to set aside a section of land for education purposes…each township had a one-room school  Conscious effort to create a separate, American culture  http://images.virtualology.com/images/4938.jpg

12.  Noah Webster…the Blue Backed Speller and Dictionary  Emphasis on the practical and the moral… “you must seek rather to be good than wise.”  Limited “book learning” http://foolswisdom.com/users/sbett/blue-backed-spellingbook1857.gif

13.  Horace Mann…to create a system of common schools that are available, equal, and with an “educational purpose truly common to all.”  Utopian period of transcendentalists, abolitionists, feminists, reconstructionists http://www.mackinac.org/media/images/2005/v2005-17a.jpg

14.  School arguments appealed to “pocketbook” rationales: economic prosperity and social order  “Education beyond all other devices of human origin is the great equalizer of the conditions of men, the balance-wheel of the social machinery.”  Non-sectarian Christianity…values common to all Christians

15.  Upgraded preparation for teachers, state funded post secondary institutions to train elementary teachers  First normal school in Lexington, Massachusetts in 1839 http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/English/exhibits/education/pics/20881_prctice_tching_520.jpg

16.  Age-based grades  Special preparation for principal teachers  The “egg crate” school building  The feminization of teaching…nurturing rather than mastery

17.  Amendment XIII abolishing slavery  Amendments XIV and XV granting African American males the rights and privileges of white males  But not the right to an equal or adequate education http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Images/15th.jpg

18.  Plessy v. Ferguson http://www-tc.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/antebellum/images/plessy.jpg?Log=0

19.  Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois http://library.duke.edu/uarchives/images/people/washington_bt-lc.jpg http://www.africanamericanstudies.buffalo.edu/ANNOUNCE/niagaramovement/harpers/duboisportrait.jpg

20.  Abigail Adams to husband John in 1776  For women who did not marry and were financially independent, with Industrialization came new schools and academies for women  Emma Hart Willard…turn pampered women’s minds to social responsibility and good works  1848, Seneca Falls  1859, reliable condoms http://www.nwhm.org/images/Education/Emma%20Willard.jpg

21.  1890, National American Women’s Suffrage Association  1920, XIX Amendment, the right to vote  1972, Title IX of ESEA http://www.virtualstampclub.com/images/19thamend20.jpg

22.  Several hundred treaties with Native American nations…including provisions for schooling  The goal of Christianizing the “savages”  Carlisle Indian Industrial School http://clarke.cmich.edu/indian/inschl.gif

23.  Indian Reorganization Act of 1934…moving toward a “new deal”  1975, Indian Self-Determination and Education act http://si.unm.edu/bern_2003/milano/milano_tl/1930.jpg