1. Cell-cell adhesion occurs through morphological structures and CAMs

2. Cell adhesion is a dynamic Process that plays an important role in embryo development

3. Cell-cell adhesion is tissue-specific

4. Molecular structure of Cadherins 1. Cadherin was identified via monoclonal antibody generation and in vitro aggregation assays 2. E-cadherin was named also as uvomorulin

6. Cadherin binds each other via homophilic binding

7. Mode of cadherin interaction

9. Expression of cadherin is dynamically controlled during embryogenesis

10. Catenins are adaptor proteins that bind cadherin to actin cytoskeleton

11. Binding sites for classical cadherin

12.  -catenin occurs both at cell adhesion site and within nucleus

13. Phosphorylated  -catenin is degraded through ubiquitination pathway

14. Nuclear  -catenin enhances cell proliferation

15. Mutated APC complex promotes entry of  -catenin into nucleus and enhances cell proliferation

16. Inappropriate expression of  -catenin induces cell cycle progression in intestine

17.  -catenin binds diverse proteins

19. Molecular structure of N-CAM 1.N-CAM comprises 5 Ig-like extracellular domains 2. Mode of binding is via heterophilic interaction

20. Molecular structure of Selectin

21. Classification of cell junctions

22. Components of junctional complex

24. General structure of anchoring junctions

25. Intermediate junction (adhesion belt)

26. E-cadherin constitutes the core of intermediate junction

27. Desmosome

29. Molecular components of desmosomes

30. Desmosomes connect epithelial cells as a whole

31. Tight junctions prevent passage of extracellular material into intracellular space

33. Molecular components of hemidesmsomes

34. Cell adhesion needs cytoskeleton

35. Gap junctions are made up of connexons with a 2nm intracellular gap

36. Each connexon is made of 6 subunits (connexin) and controls passage of molecules with MW < 1000 Da

38. Cell-matrix interaction

40. Extracellular matrix reorganizes cytoskeleton of transformed cells

41. Integrin functions as linking molecule for ECM and cytoskeleton

42. Colocalization of integrin and actin cytoskeleton

43. Molecular structure of Integrin

46. Focal adhesion Focal complex Focal contacts

47. Rac dependent formation of focal complex

48. Dentritic network model of actin assembly

49. Molecular constitutents of focal complex

50. How focal complex is assembled into focal contact ? ? ?

51. Rho dependent growth of focal contacts

52. Myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation is modulated by Rho

53. Assembly of focal contact is mediated through integrin clustering and formation of stress fibers

54. Feedback loop controlling the formation and growth of focal contacts FAK Src

55. Basic rules that regulate the fate of a focal contact  1. initially binding of integrins to their ECM partners takes place at the leading edge  2. Rac is activated and drives the formation of focal complex by activating the assembly of dynamic actin network in the lamellipodium  3. Rho drives the maturation of focal contacts by the activation of both Dia and ROCK  4. Pulling of focal contacts promotes tension-dependent incorporation of new components into the nascent adhesion sites, leading to its growth

56. Anoikis: type of apoptosis for cells that denied adhesion

57. Integrins transmit signals through ligation-dependent recruitment of non-receptor tyrosine kinase from the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src

58. Integrin-mediated resistance to stress-induced apoptosis via Ras-PI3-kinase-Akt pathway

59. Role of ERK activation in integrin resistance to stress- induced apoptosis

60. FAK regulates cellular locomotion

61. Deficiency of FAK results in arrest of cell movement