1. DNA Repair

2. Spontaneous Alterations

3. Depurination and Deammination

4. Thymine Dimer

5. Deamintation

6. Depurination

12. Double-Strand Break Repair

13. DNA Recombination

17. Junction

18. ssDNA Hybridization

19. Rec A in Homologous Recombinaton at DNA Synapsis

22. Holiday Junction

25. Resolving Holiday Junction

29. General Recombination in Mitotic and Meiotic Cells

31. Site Specific Recombination Moving of mobile genetic elements between non-homologous DNA Transpositional site-specific recombination –DNA only transposition Cut and Pase transposition Replicative transposition –Retroviral-like retrotransposition –Nonretroviral retrotransposition Conservative site-specific recombination

32. Bacterial Transposons

35. Cut-and-Paste Transposition

37. Replicative Transposon

39. Retrovirus

42. Site-specific recombintaion by a retro virus or a retrovirus-like retrotransposon

43. Nonretroviral Retrotransposon

45. Conservative site specific recombination