1. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 The J-PARC Hypernuclear Physics Programs - Hyperonization in dense nuclear matter - Toshiyuki Takahashi IPNS, KEK

2. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 Contents Introduction of J-PARC Facility  Hadron Hall Physics Programs  PAC Meeting Hypernuclear Physics at S=-2 Physics on Hadrons with Strangeness Summary

3. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 the Pacific Ocean Tokai Village Hitachinaka P.S. Tokai-2 Nuclear P.S. J-PARC

4. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 J-PARC Facility Linac 3GeV Rapid Cycling (25Hz) Synchrotron (1MW) 50 GeV Synchrotron (0.75MW) Materials and Life Science Facility Japan Accelerator Research Complex Neutrino Beamline to Super-Kamiokande Hadron Hall (Slow Extracted Beams) Joint Project between KEK and JAEA

5. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 Phase 1 & 2 The budget for about 2/3 of the entire project has been approved by the Japanese government from JFY2001 as Phase 1. Phase 1 (~151 billion Yen) consists of major accelerator components and a part of experimental facilities.  270 kW for slow extraction  half size of Hadron Hall JAEA KEK

6. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 Construction Schedule Construction Start Facility Operation Current

7. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 Hadron Hall

8. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 Hadron Hall Layout (Phase 1) Proton Beam (30-GeV) Production Target (T1) K1.8 (2009 Sep.) K1.8BR (2008 Dec.) K1.1 K0.8 KL(2010?) Primary beams

9. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 Secondary Beamlines Primary proton beam 50 GeV-15  A30 GeV-9  A Length (m) 45.853 Acceptance (msr.%) 1.4 Max. momentum (GeV/c) ~2.0 K   intensity (ppp) @1.8 GeV/c 6.6E+061.4E+06 @1.5 GeV/c 2.7E+060.54E+06 @1.1 GeV/c 0.38E+060.08E+06 Electrostatic separator 750kV/10cm, 6m×2 Single rate  @ MS2 @ 1.8 GeV/c ＞ 33E+06 ＞ 8E+06 K  /(   +   ) @ FF @ 1.8 GeV/c 43.5 X/Y(rms) size @ FF (mm)19.8 / 3.2 Primary proton beam 50 GeV-15  A30 GeV-9  A Length (m) 27.573 Acceptance (msr.%) 2.5 Max. momentum (GeV/c) ~1.2 K  intensity (ppp) @1.1GeV/c 5.5E+061.2E+06 @0.8 GeV/c 1.0E+060.2E+06 @0.6 GeV/c 0.1E+060.02E+06 Electrostatic separator 500kV/10cm, 6m Single rate@D3out @1.1 GeV/c ＞ 30E+06 >7E+06 K  /(   +   ) @ FF@1.1 GeV/c 10.9 X/Y(rms) size @ FF (mm) 5.9 / 2.9 K1.8 K1.8BR High intensity K  beams are available !! Kaon Factory High-reslution beam spectrometer

10. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 Physics Programs PAC Meeting  1 st Jun.31 – Jul.2, 2006  2 nd Jan.10 – Jan.12, 2007  3 rd Jul.6 – Jul.7, 2007 17 Proposals & 7 LOI’s  Stage-2 Aproval9 (5 Day-1 Experiment)  Stage-1 Aproval6  Deffered1  Rejected1

11. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 Hypernuclear Physics at S=-2 Hypernuclear Physics at S=-1Physics on Hadrons with Strangeness

12. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 Hypernuclear Physics at S=-2 E07 Systematic Study of Double Strangeness Systems with an Emulsion-counter Hybrid Method E05 Spectroscopic Study of  -Hypernucleus, 12  Be, via the 12 C(K ,K  ) Reaction E03 Measurement of X rays from   Atom

13. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 Motivation to Study S=-2 System New sector of Baryon-Baryon interaction   weakly attractive   Nattractive ?   N  Very dynamic system  Small mass difference  and  N (and H?) Significant step toward multi-strangess systems  Core of neutron star...

14. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 S=  2 System  N  coupling Mixing effect is more significant in S=  system

15. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007  Potential and Impact on Neutron Stars Strange baryons apear in the core of neutron star... What kind of baryons will apear ? At how much density will they apear?  depend on mass, charge, interaction Negative baryons are favorable.  reduce electron Fermi energy   was supposed to be important. However its interaction with neutron matter is found to be strongly repulsive.   and its interaction should be important.

16. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 How to produce and study S=  2 systems K  + p  K + +    p(K  )~1.8GeV/c Direct production Reaction Spectroscopy (E05) Decay measurements Emulsion (E07) X-rays Measurements (E03)

17. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 E07 Previous Studies on Double-Strangeness Systems KEK-PS-E373 (1998 - ) Weakly attractive  interaction Twin hypernucleus   (binding) energy at the absorbed point   Nucleus interaction

18. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 E07 i l l l t ll b r p ( 12 C) Double  Hypernuclei  expected ~100 events  extend known species  species dependence of  B   decay form H-dibaryon  -Nucleus Interaction  twin hypernuclei  X-ray from atomic states Unknown Phenomena Systematic Study of Double Strangeness Systems with an Emulsion-counter Hybrid Method # of absorbed   # of  - hypernuclei # of twin hypernuclei 1965 D. Davis 4 (expected) 1 1987-1997 (KEK-E176) 8012 1998-present (KEK-E373) ~8007 (1)3 J-PARC E07 ~10000~10020-30?

19. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 E05 Previous Studies on  -Hypernucleus and  Potential T.Fukuda et. al, PRC58(1998)1306 P.Khaustov et al, PRC61(2000)0546 KEK-E224 (K ,K + ) Missing Mass Spectroscopy on C BNL-E885  M=14MeV  M=22MeV Evidence !? V  =  14 MeV insufficient resolution poor statistics

20. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 E05 Missing mass spectroscopy  K1.8 Beam Spectrometer  p/p=3.3x10  (FWHM)  SksPlus Spectrometer  p/p=1.2x10  (FWHM)   msr ~3 MeV(FWHM) resolution ~190 bound events  1.6x10 6 /spill K  beams  1 month data-taking Spectroscopic Study of  -Hypernucleus, 12  Be, via the 12 C(K ,K  ) Reaction expected spectrum V  =  20MeV V  =  14MeV   =1MeV

21. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 E03   Nuclues potential  Real part Level energy shift  Imaginary part Width X ray yield Regardless of potential detail  attractive / repulsive  strong / weak absorption Complementary to E05  E03 surface region of the potential  E05 inner part of the potential Measurement of X rays from   Atom K-K- K+K+  X ray target l=n-1 l (orbital angular momentum) Energy (arb.)... l=n-2 l=n-3 nuclear absorption Z ... Z 

22. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 Hypernuclear Physics at S=-1 E10 Production of Neutron-rich Lambda-Hypernuclei with the Double Charge-exchange Reaction E13 Gamma-ray Spectroscopy of Light Hypernuclei E18 Coincidence Measurement of the Weak Decay of 12  C and the Three-body Weak Interaction Process E22 Exclusive Study of the Lambda-N Weak Interaction in A=4 Lambda-Hypernuclei

23. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 E10 Neutron-rich  Hypernuclei and DCX Reaction ordinary nuclei Double Charge eXchange (  ,K  ), (K ,   ) N>>Z (I=3/2, 2) KEK-E521 No Charge eXchange (  ,K  ), (K ,   )  hypernuclei

24. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 E10 Motivation  coupling  important in n-rich hypernuclei  potential in n-rich enviroment  strangeness contents in neutron stars Change of nuclear structure if isospin=0  A( I =0)   A*( I =1) energically supressed if isospin  0 OK!  A( I  0)  Nucleus  ExcitedNucleus  Exotic Ordinary Core +  Deformed Core +  Hyper- nucleus n Hypernucleus + neutron halo n-rich hypernucleus

25. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 E10 Produdution of N-rich Hypernuclei Two step reaction    p   n,   p  K      p  K 0 , K 0 p  K   Small cross section  ~10 nb/sr (10  of NCX) Need high intensity beam  1x10 7 /spill   beam  p  =~1.2GeV/c Need high resolution  ~2 MeV/c 2 (FWHM) with SKS Yield estimate for 9  He  ~300 events with 3 weeks KEK-E521 10 B(  ,K  ) 10  Li ~45 events at bound region No backgound

26. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 Physics on Hadrons with Strangeness E15 A Search for Deeply-Bound Kaonic Nuclear States by In-flight 3 He(K ,n) Reaction E17 Precision Spectroscopy of Kaonic 3 He 3d  2p X-rays E19 High-Resolution Search for   Pentaquark in   p  K + X Reaction

27. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 E15 Kaonic Nuclear States KpX Exp. (KEK)  strongly atractive in K  p system  (1405) as a bound state of K  and p Kaonic nuclear states may exist. contour plot of nucleon density distribution by AMD A.Dote et al., PRC70 (2004) 044313.  center = ~10  0 Ultra high density nuclear matter (c.f. core of neutron stars ) could be obtained !! T.Yamazaki and Y.Akaishi Phys. Lett. B535(2002) 70. glue-like role of K 

28. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 E15 Missing-Mass Spectroscopy and Invariant-Mass Spectroscopy K-K- 3 He K - pp n 3 He(K ,n)X Missing-mass spectroscopy KK n  p p -- Production Decay K  pp   p  p   @K1.8BR beamline Invariant-mass spectroscopy CDS in Solenoid Magnet

29. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 Summary The construction of J-PARC facility will be completed and its operation will start soon.  MR operation2008 May  First beam to Hadron Hall2008 Dec. K1.8BR 2008 Dec. K1.82009 Sep. Hadron facility is “Kaon Factory”.  1.4 x 10 6 K  /spill, K  /(   +   )=3.5@1.8GeV/c@K1.8  1.2 x 10 6 K  /spillK  /(   +   )=0.9@1.1GeV/c@K1.8BR A lot of physics programs on hypernuclear & strangeness physics are waiting the beam.  Research on S=  2 system is main subject among them

30. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 Backup

31. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 J-PARC PAC System and Beamtime Charge PAC for Particle & Nuclear Proposals PAC for Materials & Life Proposals Beamtime Charge

32. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 Commissioning & Linac Energy Recovery Construction needs to start from JFY2008, hopefully for 3 years, as shown in this figure. Issue and Concern: This budget plan has not been included in the current plan at JAEA. JFY2008 JFY2009 JFY2010 JFY2011 JFY2012JFY2013 Phase 1 Completion

33. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 Cost Analysis for Operational Budget 190 Oku Yen / year ($190M/y if $1=100Yen)

34. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 U ,   and Partial Wave Contributions in Nuclear Matter OBE (NHC-D, Ehime)  no t-channel meson exchange  odd-state attraction  strong A-dependence of V   small width ModelT 1S01S0 3S13S1 1P11P1 3P03P0 3P13P1 3P23P2 UU  NHC-D              Ehime              ESC04d*              (MeV) ESC04d*  strong attraction of 3 S 1 (T=0)  large width

35. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 Selection of targets Physics view: Batty et al. PRC59(1999)295  For given state, there is optimal target Nuclear absorption is reasonably small X-ray energy shift and width are the largest (~1 keV)  They suggested 9 F, 17 Cl, 53 I, and 82 Pb for n=3,4,7,9. The choice depends on the optical potential itself  We can’t know before the 1 st experiment n:4  35454656576768787989810  9 F(Z=9)Cl(17)??I(53)?Pb(82) 131 (keV)223??475?558 n:4  35454656576768787989810  9 F(Z=9)Cl(17)Co(27)?Y(39)?I(53)Ho(67)?Pb(82) 131 (keV)223314?394?475518?558

36. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 We chose Fe (Iron) because of (mostly) experimental reason  Production rate: A -0.62 as cross section scales with A 0.38  Stopping probability: requires high target density (   range: 10-20 g/cm 2,  c  ~ 2cm)  X-ray absorption: significant at large Z  Small Z(A), yet high density Koike calculated the energy shift (width) & yield of the Fe X ray (n=6  5)  Woods-Saxon potential:  24  3i MeV  Energy shift: 4.4 keV, width: 3.9 keV  Yield per stopped   : 0.1 (~0.4 without absorption) For the 1 st experiment

37. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 Yield & sensitivity estimation Total number of K - : 1.0x10 12 for 100 shifts. Yield of   production: 3.7×10 6  stopped: 7.5×10 5 X-ray yield ： 2500 for n=6  5 transition  7200 for n=7  6 Expected sensitivity  Energy shift: ~0.05 keV (systematic dominant)  Good for expected shift (~1 keV, 4.4 keV by Koike ) < 5% accuracy for optical potential depth  Width: directly measurable down to ~ 1 keV  X-ray yield gives additional (indirect) information on absorption potential.

38. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 Expected X-ray spectrum n= 6  5 shift & width 0 keV

39. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 Expected X-ray spectrum(2) n= 6  5 shift & width 4 keV

40. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 Exotic  -hypernuclei Example of “hydrogen” 5  H No evidence 6  H Stable ? 7  H Stable ? 2  H Not bound 3  H Stable 4  H Stable  1 H Stable 2 H Stable 3 H Stable 4 H No evidence 5 H Resonance 6 H No evidence n p Super Heavy Hydrogen Hyper Heavy Hydrogen glue like role of  We can produce at J-PARC

41. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 Requirement: Resolution (1) Clear identification of hypernuclei Binding energy (guess) : 9  He ~8MeV, 6  H ~3MeV Strong quasi-free  -production background In the case of 6  H hypernucleus Energy resolution ≤ 2.5MeV (FWHM)

42. Dense and Cold Nuclear Matter and Hard Exclusive ProcesssAug.24,2007 Production cross section  4  He(g.s., 0+) production  estimation with DWIA by T. Harada