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Muscles Martini Chapter 11
Lab Activity 11: Group I Muscles Martini Chapter 11 Portland Community College BI 231
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Origin and Insertion Origin: The place where the fixed end attaches to a bone, cartilage, or connective tissue. Insertion: The site where the movable end attaches to another structure.
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MUSCLES OF THE HEAD
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Frontalis Origin: Epicranial aponeurosis Insertion: Skin over forehead
Action: Elevates eyebrows and wrinkles skin of forehead
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Occipitalis Origin: Occipital and temporal bones
Insertion: Epicranial aponeurosis Action: Fixes epicranial aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly
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Orbicularis Oculi Origin: Medial orbital margin and zygomatic bone
Insertion: Skin surrounding eye Action: Closes eyelids and depresses skin of forehead
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Temporalis Origin: Temporal fossa
Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible Action: Elevates and retracts mandible
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Masseter Origin: Zygomatic process and arch
Insertion: Angle and ramus of mandible Action: Elevates mandible
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Orbicularis Oris Origin: By muscular skips to surround muscles
Insertion: Muscles interlace to surround mouth Action: Closes and purses lips
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Zygomaticus Major Origin: Zygomatic arch Insertion: Corner of mouth
Action: Elevates corner of mouth
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Risorius Origin: Fascia of masseter Insertion: Corner of mouth
Action: Draws corner of mouth laterally
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SUPERFICIAL MUSCULATURE OF THE NECK
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Omohyoid Origin: Medial tip of suprascapular notch
Insertion: Body of hyoid bone Action: Depresses hyoid bone
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Sternohyoid Origin: Posterior surface of manubrium, and medial clavicle Insertion: Hyoid bone Action: Depresses hyoid bone
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Mylohyoid Origin: Mylohyoid line of mandible Insertion: Hyoid bone
Action: Elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth, depresses mandible
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Digastric Anterior Belly
Origin: Lower border of mandible near midline Insertion: Intermediate tendon on the hyoid bone Action: Elevates hyoid bone and base of tongue, depresses mandible
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Digastric Posterior Belly
Origin: Mastoid notch of temporal bone Insertion: Intermediate tendon on the hyoid bone Action: Moves hyoid bone back
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MUSCLES OF THE NECK & BACK
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Sternocleidomastoid Origin: Manubrium and medial third of clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process Action: Rotates head to opposite side, extends head, and flexes vertebral column
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Trapezius Origin: External occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line and spinous process of C7-T12 Insertion: Anterior border of scapular spine, acromion process, lateral third of clavicle Action: Elevates, adducts, and depresses scapula
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Latissimus Dorsi Origin: Spinous processes of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, crest of ilium Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus Action: Extends, rotates humerus medially, draws shoulder down and backward
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Levator Scapula Origin: Transverse processes of C1-4
Insertion: Superior angle spine of scapula Action: Elevates scapula
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Rhomboid Major Origin: Spinous process of T1-5 and supraspinous ligament Insertion: Medial border below spine of scapula Action: Adducts scapula and performs downward rotation
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Rhomboid Minor Origin: Spinous process of C7-T1
Insertion: Medial border of scapula at base of spine Action: Adducts scapula and performs downward rotation
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Serratus Anterior Origin: Lateral surface of upper 8 ribs
Insertion: Anterior lip of medial border of scapula Action: Holds scapula to chest wall, medially rotates scapula in abducting or extending humerus
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Erector Spinae Origin: Sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae and T11,12 Insertion: Angles of the ribs. Spinous & Transverse processes of vertebrae Action: Extension of vertebral column
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MUSCLES OF THE THORACIC WALL
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External Intercostal Origin: Inferior border of rib above
Insertion: Superior border of rib below Action: Elevates rib cage during inspiration
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Internal Intercostal Origin: Superior border of rib below
Insertion: Inferior border of rib above Action: Depresses rib cage during expiration
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Pectoralis Major Origin: Medial half of clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique Insertion: Intertubular groove of humerus Action: Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates humerus, draws body upward in climbing
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Pectoralis Minor Origin: Anterior surface of ribs 3 to 5
Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula Action: Draws scapula down and forward and elevates ribs
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MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL
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Rectus Abdominus Origin: Pubic symphysis and crest of pubis
Insertion: Xiphoid process and cartilages of ribs 5 to 7 Action: Tenses abdominal wall and flexes vertebral column
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External Abdominal Oblique
Origin: External surface of lower 8 ribs Insertion: Anterior half of iliac crest and linea alba Action: Compresses abdomen, contralaterally rotates and flexes vertebral column
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Internal Abdominal Oblique
Origin: Lateral half of inguinal ligament, anterior iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia Insertion: Lower four ribs, linea alba and by conjoined tendon to pubis Action: Compresses abdomen, ipsilaterally rotates and flexes vertebral column
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Transverse Abdominis Origin: Lateral third of inguinal ligament, anterior iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia Insertion: Linea alba, and by conjoined tendon to pubis Action: Compresses abdomen
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Deltoid Origin: Anterior surface, lateral clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula Insertion: Deltoid tubercle of humerus Action: Abducts humerus; aids in flexion, extension, and internal and external rotation
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Supraspinatus Origin: Supraspinous fossa
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus Action: Abducts humerus
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Infraspinatus Origin: Infraspinous fossa
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus Action: Rotates humerus laterally
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Teres Minor Origin: Axillary border of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus Action: Rotates humerus laterally
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Teres Major Origin: Axillary border at inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: Intertubular groove of humerus Action: Extends, adduction and medial rotates humerus.
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Subscapularis Origin: Subscapular fossa
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus Action: Rotates humerus medially
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Biceps Brachii Short Head Origin: Long head, supraglenoid tubercle; Short head, coracoid process scapula Insertion: Radial tuberosity of the radius Action: Flexes radius and humerus, and supinates forearm Long Head
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Coracobrachialis Origin: Coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: Middle third of humerus Action: Flexes and adducts humerus
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Triceps Brachii Long Head Lateral Head Origin: Long head, infraglenoid tubercle; Lateral head, proximal portion of posterior humerus; Medial head, distal half of posterior humerus Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna Action: Extends humerus and ulna
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Brachialis Origin: Anterior distal two-thirds of humerus
Insertion: Coronoid process of ulna Action: Flexes ulna
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