1. EECS 150 Spring 2007 Checkpoint 0 - SDRAM 2/23/2007 Jeff Kalvass (Adapted From Greg Gibeling )

2. Welcome to Checkpoint 0 Agenda Why Checkpoint 0 is Important Checkpoint 0 Specs Theory of SDRAM SDRAM Init, Read, Write (timing diagrams) Designing the SDRAM controller

3. Motivation Learn to configure external SDRAM Write and read from external SDRAM To use FIFOs as buffers Design a memory controller You will need this for the project SDRAM (Checkpoint #0) Multiport Arbitration

4. What is Checkpoint 0? (1) Initialize and configure SDRAM We provide 32-bit data generator The black box we provide will handle all read and write requests We will provide addressing scheme

5. What is Checkpoint 0 (2) We provide data checker to compare what is read from SDRAM from what should have been written Count the errors and display on LEDs

6. What is Checkpoint 0? (3)

7. Theory of SDRAM (1) SDRAM: Synchronous Dynamic RAM Upside Huge amounts of storage Down side Slow May need refreshing every once in a while

8. Theory of SDRAM (2) So to speed things up… SDRAM handles bursts to read data as a group Control requires precise timing Issue sequences of commands Timing must be matched with Data Sheet (more on this later)

9. Theory of SDRAM (3) DRAM is BIG so we time mux address Row Address Column Address Steps to Read/Write Send Row Address Send Column Address Send/Get Data Read the Data sheet for details

10. Theory of SDRAM (4) SDRAM is a large FSM Send it a command Get a response SDRAM Controller’s Job: Send the right command signals Ensure command sequences are timed correctly

11. SDRAM Specifications See Spec at http://www- inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs150/sp07/Documents.p hp#Datasheets Read the MT48LC16M16 Datasheet Provides overview of commands and timing You will need to become very familiar with initialization, reads, and writes

12. SDRAM Initialization (p 40)

13. Read Operation (p 46)

14. Write Operation (p 53)

15. Write Timing Memory chips are the -7E Models, and the clock is running at 27MHz

16. SDRAM Controller (1) One Time Initialization Repeating Read with auto-precharge Write with auto-precharge Auto-Refresh (only if idle for a long time)

17. SDRAM Controller (2) Goal Abstracts away the details of SDRAM Accepts commands, produces responses Deals with sending address in parts (row and then column) Design Options One large FSM, one small FSM with a counter, man small interacting FSMs, etc.

18. SDRAM Controller (3) Design for the future! You will need it for your project Tristate data line when reading!

19. FIFOs Buffer to match two data rates Great for data path clock domain crossings (we’ll talk about it later this semester)

20. The Checkpoint (1) You have one week to complete this CP Design Reviews next week at the beginning of your lab section (remember Lab 5 checkoff) Bubble-and-arc diagram(s) required Block Diagram highly recommended Timing diagram required Example: read and write

21. The Checkpoint (2) Construction Demo circuit on board for check-off Remember you will be designing for CP1 concurrently Groups of two – your lab #4/#5 partner You must get checked off in the same lab section for the rest of the semester Start designing today!

22. Any Questions? Your friendly neighborhood lab TA is here We want high completion for CP0, get help if you need it! Sign-up sheet for partner/grading