1. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 DAEDALUS EC 5th framework: aerosol users survey Olivier Boucher Laboratoire d ’Optique Atmosphérique USTL / CNRS, Villeneuve d ’Ascq, France Gerrit de Leeuw TNO, The Hague, Netherlands and the DAEDALUS team

2. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 Delivery of AErosol proDucts for Assimilation and environmentaL USe DAEDALUS: an FP5 GMES project specially written for the recent GMES call for proposal of the EESD 3 year project: Jan 2003 - Dec 2005 7 partners: F, B, NL, N, P + JRC run in parallel with another “aerosol” EC project (CREATE)

3. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 Reasons for getting interested in atmospheric aerosols: visibility ==> tourism, aviation air quality issues ==> human health, ecosystems deposition and acid rain issues ==> ecosystems climate effect (clear-sky, cloudy-sky) - anthropogenic aerosols are responsible for a radiative forcing - anthropogenic aerosols may modify the hydrological cycle - natural aerosols may response to climate change satellite atmospheric corrections ==> retrieval of the properties of ocean, land, and atmosphere role of aerosol deposition on ocean biology improvement in meteorological (re)analysis improvements in weather forecasts ? depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer

4. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 As aerosol concentrations increase and visibility decreases, there is - a whitening of the landscape, - loss of texture, - loss of contrast.

5. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 Peat fires, Moscow, September 2002

6. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 WP1: Users needs * 2-page questionnaire on tropospheric and stratospheric aerosol products * Questionnaire was sent out by e-mail to over 200 people across Europe * 33 answers received so far (most are users, some producers, some inconsistencies) * Several talks and posters presented at this workshop CERMES, ADEME, EPA Ireland, …

7. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 IndustryGovernmentPrivateSME International Organization Independent 126,53,5011 Nature of organization

8. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 4 University + 15 Research Centres Role of organization

9. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 Role of persons answering the questionnaire

10. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 ClimateAir Quality Health Effects EcosystemEmissionsMonitoring Protocol Monitoring & Legislation Atmospheric Correction Other * 222618 212817124 Areas of interest

11. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 Aerosol properties of interest 97% of users interested in aerosols (3% in gas species) 91% of users interested in tropospheric aerosols 38% of users interested in stratospheric aerosols

12. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 Geographical area of interest Specific regions (25 answers) Finland, Europe & Global, Urban North Sea,the Netherlands, Flanders, Austria Switzerland, Sahel,Asia, SE Mediterranean, Germany (North Rhine Westfalia) Heavily polluted urban areas & surroundings (Mexico, Los Angeles, Beijing, Athens…)

13. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 Present use of aerosol data

14. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 97% of users would consider satellite data if available and in a suitable format Satellite Data Spatial resolution Time resolution (average) Timeliness

15. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 67% of users would consider model forecast if available and in a suitable format Model Aerosol Forecast Spatial resolution Time resolution (average) Timeliness

16. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 Conclusions DAEDALUS / users dinner scheduled at 8.30pm Mexican restaurant 7 Koningin Wilhelmina Boulevard, Noordwijk Reservation for 10 +/-2 people made 200 potential users contacted; 33 answers Semi-quantitative analysis of answers BUT each user is unique we should not try to please an “average” user some users not covered (aviation, army,...) Interest for both tropospheric and stratospheric aerosols Very positive feeling for satellite data Positive feeling for model forecast (near real time needed)

17. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 http://www-loa.univ-lille1.fr/Daedalus boucher@loa.univ-lille1.fr END Appendix on MODIS Rapid Response Team http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov

18. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 Rapid Response System NASA/GSFC Terra Aqua Direct Broadcast Receiving Station GES DAAC NASA/GSFC NOAA/NESDIS University of Maryland Geography Dept USDA Forest Service Remote Sensing Application Center EDOS MODIS L0 Data Active Fire and Corrected Reflectance http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov Cumulative Fire Maps http://activefiremaps.fs.fed.us Active Fire Locations Burn Severity Maps Application-specific products L1B Data December 2001 Active Fire Locations Selected Imagery Web Fire Mapper http://maps.geog.umd.edu Backup Feed L1B Data Active Fire Locations GOFC Fire Partners NASA Earth Observatory http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov MODIS Rapid Response Project: Data Flow Chart Jacques Descloitres – Rapid Response Team T+2-3hrs T+30min Updated 3 times daily T+4hrs MODIS home page http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov TDRSS

19. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 Biscuit and Tiller Fires in California and Oregon (08/14/02) – Courtesy of J. Descloitres

20. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 MODIS Rapid Response known applications users USDA Forest Service (Remote Sensing Applications Center, Fire Sciences Lab): fire monitoring within the US, burn severity assessment, smoke monitoring and emissions National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC): GOFC/GOLD (Global Observation of Forest Cover and Land Dynamics) regional networks: fire monitoring across the world Burned Area Emergency Rehabilitation Teams (BEAR): mitigating impacts of fires on water quality and ecology USDA Foreign Agriculture Service: worldwide crop monitoring and forecasting Global Fire Monitoring Center (GFMC) and UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR): worldwide fire monitoring and early warning of fire danger Conservation International: early warning of fires in protected areas across the world Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) and Navy’s Naval Research Laboratory (NRL): worldwide and regional monitoring of dust storms, smoke, fires, volcanic ash, and snow conditions Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Environmental Sciences Division: oil well fires and smoke monitoring in Iraq Dartmouth Flood Observatory: worldwide flood monitoring University of Cape Town: near-real-time monitoring and early warning of hydrogen sulphide eruptions off Namibia Canadian Ice Service: operational monitoring of ice conditions in Canadian coastal waters Earth Observatory: PR imagery and provision of early imagery in response to Natural Hazards http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov

21. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 CREATE-DAEDALUS Methods Intercomparison of satellite data Harmonization of in-situ data and format Training Quality assurance User survey Analysis of network sustainability Aerosol satellite retrievals Prototype of aerosol data assimilation systems Modelling HARMONIZED IN-SITU AEROSOL DATABASE & STRATEGY STEPS TOWARDS AN AEROSOL MONITORING SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION OF GMES

22. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 Results: information on aerosol 2. Model application

23. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 Lessons learned / Recommendations CREATE Emission databases are not accurate enough to predict evolution of aerosol fields over Europe Validation of satellite derived aerosol products is needed from in-situ ground truth and vertical profile (sunphotometer / lidar) data Measurement programmes should have long term continuity and not subject to vagaries of short term funding Observational capacity needs to be increased DAEDALUS Difficulty in accessing and distributing processed data from ESA Availability of model results and forecasts should be improved. No infrastructure for a fully-European network of sunphotometers (e.g., integration of PHOTONS / GAW needed) Ingredients start to be available for an operational aerosol monitoring system although some work still needed for satellite aerosol retrieval and assimilation techniques.

24. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 Ground-based networks AERONET (PHOTONS) aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov www-loa.univ-lille1.fr/photons World Data Centre for Aerosols (GAW / WMO) www.ei.jrc.it/wdca/ lidarb.dkrz.de/earlinet/ EARLINET + EMEP / IMPROVE

25. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004

27. Atmospheric aerosols are particles of natural or anthropogenic origin in suspension in the air. Typical sizes of 10 nm to 100  m, with different roles of the very fine mode (below 100 nm), accumulation mode (0.1 to 1  m), and the coarse mode (1 to 10  m). Chemical composition varies: sulfate, nitrate, organics, black carbon, sea salt, dust, (may also carry some carcirogenic compounds) Particulate matter: PM1, PM2.5, or PM10. Typical lifetime of 5 to 10 days in the lower troposphere.

28. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 United-States Clean Air act (1977) ==> IMPROVE network (measurements) ==> EPA (emissions) NADP network for acid rain monitoring Europe Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollutants ==> EMEP (emissions, measurements, modelling) organized in different task forces includes both gas and aerosol species Clean Air For Europe (CAFE) (aims at a long-term, strategic and integrated policy to protect against air pollution effects on human health and env.) post-Kyoto? -black carbon aerosol responsible for global warming -one of the (official) reason for the US to refuse Kyoto -measurements of black carbon still very delicate -we do not know yet how to monitor emissions and sinks

29. Atmospheric Chemistry Applications workshop - ESTEC -20-21 January 2004 END