1. Course Name: Introduction to Nuclear Physics ( I ) 原子核物理導論（一） Course code : 3297 Instructor: 李秉政老師 “ 1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 But the earth became waste and emptiness, and darkness was upon the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was brooding upon the surface of the waters. “ (Genesis 1:1 ~2)

2. Recommended Textbooks: 1. “Nuclear and Particle Physics” by W.S.C. Williams, Oxford University Press, New York 士華圖書公司 (02)27033016 2. “Introductory Nuclear Physics” by Kenneth S. Krane, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 3. “Introductory Nuclear Physics” by Samuel S.M. Wong, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York 民權書局有限公司 (02)23651662, (02)23657999 4. “Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics” by Fujia Yang, Joseph H. Hamilton The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

3. Contents 1.Introduction 2.Some Quantitative Formalities 3.The Size and Shape of Nuclei 4.The Masses of Nuclei 5.Nuclear Instability 6.Alpha Decay 7.Nuclear Collisions and Reactions 8. Nuclear Models 9. Forces and Interactions 10. Hadrons and the Quark-Parton Model 11. The Electromagnetic Interaction 12. The Weak Interaction 13. Particles: Summary and Outlook 14. Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics

5. Nuclear Physics ≠ Nuclear Bomb !!

6. Aims To study the general properties of nuclei To examine the characteristics of the nuclear force To introduce the principal models of the nucleus To discuss the spontaneous decay of nuclei including those far from the region of stability To study nuclear reactions, in particular fission and fusion To introduce detectors To discuss the practical applications of nuclear physics To develop problem solving skills in the above areas

7. Why Do Nuclear Physics? Nuclear physics is fundamental to understanding our lives and the physical world around us What is the origin of the Universe? What is the origin of nuclei - H, He, Li...Fe...U,Th? stars, supernova, the Big Bang the creation of chemical elements production of energy in stars and on Earth nuclear astrophysics We are all made from the products of exploding stars → the study of nuclear cross sections

8. Why Do Nuclear Physics? Building matter and matter falling apart building with quarks and leptons -neutrons, protons, deuterons... -Nuclei → how many elements, why? → stars, neutrino mass and the cosmos matter decays - splitting the atom... -alpha, beta, gamma -fission particles

12. Why Do Nuclear Physics? Nuclear processes are used all around us and there are key applications in many aspects of our lives Nuclear fission (fusion?) for generation of power a not topic now - no CO2 emissions - but it is safe? Radioactivity in medicine, industry and research Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (cancer), Security (e.g. mine detection), Fundamental studies such as neutrino properties (double beta decay)...

13. Why Do Nuclear Physics? Medical applications Cancer therapy using radiation Historic use to kill cells - e.g. radium Modern use with ion beams (e.g. GSI) Medical imaging MRI (Nuclear magnetic imaging) Positron Emission Tomography X-ray imaging etc

14. Why Do Nuclear Physics? Other applications The environment Carbon dating - 12 C/ 14 C ratio Argon gas dating Rb/Sr dating of rocks Biology Archaeology (dating by isotope ratios) Use of radioactivity to trace fluids in organs Forensic Security and industry Oil well logging Detection of bomb material etc