1. What is Leadership?
The influence of one group member over other group members to help achieve group or organizational goals
Traits
physical appearance
cognitive abilities

2. Some More Leader Traits
personality
dominance
high energy level
self-confidence
trustworthiness
motivation to lead
flexibility

3. Trait Approach to Leadership
The approach: Leaders possess special traits that make then different from others; these traits account for leadership ability.
The research: That leaders were no different from followers, until recently. Now, motivation, flexibility, and cognitive ability are identified.
The limitations: Different situation may call for different types of leaders

4. Leader Behaviors
People orientation -- consideration, the leader is concerned about the well being of employees and being fair.
Task orientation -- initiation of structure, the focus of this leader is on goal attainment.

5. Consequences of Leader Behavior
Consequences of consideration: This style of works well when the task is intrinsically satisfying, or when the task is extremely structured and clear
Consequences of initiation of structure: This style works best with situations where there is pressure due to deadlines, ambiguous tasks, or external threat.

6. The Contingency Approach
The most effective leadership style depends or is contingent on the specific situation.
Several approaches
Fiedler’s Contingency Model
House’s Path-Goal Theory
Hersey & Blanchard’s Situational Leadership

7. Fiedler’s Contingency Theory
Leader
Style
Production
Person
Prod
Group
Relations
Good
Poor
Task
Structure
Struct
Unstruct
Struct
Unstruct
Power S W S W S W S W

8. Path-Goal Theory Leader Behavior Directive Supportive Achievement
Paticipative
Situation Factors
Subordinate factors
Work Environment
Subordinate Outcomes
Satisfaction
Leader Acceptance
Effort

9. Situational Leadership Theory
High
Task
Telling
Selling
Behavior
Delegating
Participating
Low
High
Relationship Behavior

10. Backwards & Forwards
Summing up: Today we explored various concepts of leadership; trait approaches, behavioral approaches and contingency approaches
Looking ahead: Does leadership matter, do women really have a different style of leading and how important is leadership to the organization.