1. Employee Involvement Defined The degree that employees share information, knowledge, rewards, and power throughout the organization –active in decisions previous outside their control –power to influence decisions –knowledge sharing

2. Forms of Employee Involvement Informal Casual information exchanges Example: Boss asks for ideas Formal Codified practices Example: SDWTs at TRW Canada Statutory Required by law Example: European codetermination Voluntary No legal requirement Example: Strategic task force Direct Employees personally involved Example: Staff vote against smoking in the workplace Representative Reps decide for other employees Example: Employee reps as directors

3. High Medium Low Levels of Employee Involvement High involvement — Employees have complete decision making power (e.g., SDWTs) Full consultation — Employees offer recommendations (e.g., gain sharing) Selective consultation — Employees give information, but don’t know the problem

4. How Involvement Improves Decisions Employee Involvement Identify and define problems better More likely to select the best option Usually identify more and better solutions

5. Contingencies of Employee Involvement Decision quality Decision commitment Decision conflict Structured problem

6. Overcoming Involvement Challenges Cultural Differences –Better in collectivist and low power distance cultures Management Resistance –Educate/train managers to become facilitators Employee and Union Resistance –Concerns about increased stress, giving up union rights, and union power –Solution is trust and involvement