1. IEC 61850 Communication Networks and Systems In Substations:  An Overview for Users
Drew Baigent
Mark Adamiak
Ralph Mackiewicz
GE Multilin
SISCO, Inc.
Markham, Ontario
King of Prussia, PA
Sterling Heights, MI
SIPSEP 2004
Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
Miércoles 10 de Noviembre, 2004

2. Comprehensive EPRI-Project UCA 2.0
IEC61850 and UCA2
Comprehensive EPRI-Project UCA 2.0
GOAL: One International Standard
IEC 61850
IEC , -103, -104
European experience

3. IEC61850 Substation Architecture
MU = Merging Unit MU
PT1
Optical CT
PT2
CT2 PT
Relay
MU Publishes
V/I/Status
Datasets
Relay(s)
Subscribe to
I/O
Station Bus -
10/100/1000 MB Ethernet
Process Bus
.1/1/10GB
Ethernet
Clk1
Clk2
Remote
Access
Network
IED

4. IEC61850 Standard Mapping to MMS and Ethernet Basic principles Part 1
Glossary
Part 2
General Requirements
Part 3
System and project management
Part 4
Communication requirements
Part 5
Substation Automation System Configuration
Part 6
Basic Communication Structure
Part 7
Mapping to MMS and Ethernet
Sampled Measured Values
Part 8
Part 9
Mapping to Ethernet
Conformance testing
Part 10

5. IEC61850 – Primary Parts
Part 6-1: Substation Configuration Language (SCL)
Part 7-2: Abstract Communications Service Interface (ACSI) and base types
Part 7-3: Common Data Classes (CDC)
Part 7-4: Logical Nodes
Part 8-1: Specific Communications Service Mappings (SCSM) - MMS & Ethernet
Part 9-2: SCSM - Sampled Values over Ethernet
Part 10-1: Conformance Testing

6. IEC61850 Class Model Physical Device: access by network address
ObjectName
ObjectReference
Name
SERVER 1
1..*
Enables data from multiple devices to be aggregated into a single physical device (data concentrator)
LOGICAL-DEVICE 1
1..*
LOGICAL-NODE 1
1..*
DATA 1
1..*
DataAttribute

7. Logical Nodes
A named grouping of data and associated services that is logically related to some power system function.
dddXCBR1
Logical Node Instance #
Logical Node Name per
IEC (breaker)
Optional Application Specific Prefix

8. IEC61850-7-4 Logical Nodes Name Description Axxx
Automatic Control (4). ATCC (tap changer), AVCO (volt. ctrl.), etc.
Cxxx
Supervisory Control (5). CILO (Interlocking), CSWI (switch ctrl), etc.
Gxxx
Generic Functions (3). GGIO (generic I/O), etc.
Ixxx
Interfacing/Archiving (4). IARC (archive), IHMI (HMI), etc.
Lxxx
System Logical Nodes (2). LLN0 (common), LPHD (Physical Device)
Mxxx
Metering & Measurement (8). MMXU (meas.), MMTR (meter.), etc.
Pxxx
Protection (28). PDIF, PIOC, PDIS, PTOV, PTOH, PTOC, etc.
Rxxx
Protection Related (10). RREC (auto reclosing), RDRE (disturbance)..
Sxxx
Sensors, Monitoring (4). SARC (archs), SPDC (partial discharge), etc.
Txxx
Instrument Transformer (2). TCTR (current), TVTR (voltage)
Xxxx
Switchgear (2). XCBR (breaker), XCSW (switch)
Yxxx
Power Transformer (4). YPTR (transformer), YPSH (shunt), etc.
Zxxx
Other Equipment (15). ZCAP (cap ctrl), ZMOT (motor), etc.
Wxxx
Wind (Set aside for other standards)
Oxxx
Solar (Set aside for other standards)
Hxxx
Hydropower (Set aside for other standards)
Nxxx
Power Plant (Set aside for other standards)
Bxxx
Battery (Set aside for other standards)
Fxxx
Fuel Cells (Set aside for other standards)

9. Logical Node Description - XCBR
SPS
Mandatory/Optional
Common Data Class
Description
Data Name

10. Single Point Status (SPS) CDC (e.g. loc)
stVal
Attribute
Name
Mandatory/
Optional
Type
Functional
Constraint
Range of
Values

11. Relay1/XCBR1$ST$Loc$stVal
Object Name Structure
Relay1/XCBR1$ST$Loc$stVal
Logical Device
Logical Node
Functional Constraint
Data
Attribute

12. ACSI Abstract Communications Service Interface
Defines a set of Objects
Defines a set of Services to manipulate and access those objects
Defines a base set of data types for describing objects

13. ACSI Objects ACSI Object Class (7-2) MMS Object (8-1) SERVER class
Virtual Manufacturing Device (VMD)
LOGICAL DEVICE class
Domain
LOGICAL NODE class
Named Variable
DATA class
DATA-SET class
Named Variable List
SETTING-GROUP-CONTROL-BLOCK class
REPORT-CONTROL-BLOCK class
LOG class
Journal
LOG-CONTROL-BLOCK class
GOOSE-CONTROL-BLOCK class
GSSE-CONTROL-BLOCK class
CONTROL class
Files

14. ACSI Services
Enable
Self
Describing
Devices

15. Reporting Features Unbuffered Reporting is equivalent to UCA2 reports
Buffered reporting enables the server to retain data if associations are lost enabling the client to retrieve ALL data.

16. Relay-Relay Messaging
GSSE:
Generic Substatation
Status Event
GOOSE:
Generic Object Oriented
Substation Event
128 status bit pairs
InformationReport
Data set containing named values and status
OSI Connectionless
Non-Routable Profile
Ethernet Multicast Address
Ethernet Multicast Address
Published to all devices subscribed to data on multi-cast address
Published to all devices subscribed to data on multi-cast address
(UCA GOOSE)

17. GOOSE/GSSE is Reliable Multicast
NON-EXISTENT
New State: 1.Sequence Number = 0
2.State Number++
3. Reset HoldTimer
RETRANSMIT-
PENDING
1. Hold Time Preset ++
2. Start Hold Timer
3. Sequence Number ++
HoldTime expired
SEND Message

18. SCL – Substation Configuration Language IEC61850-6-1
Description language for communication in electrical substations related to the IEDs
XML based language that allows a formal description of
Substation automation system and the switchyard and the relation between them
IED configuration

19. SCL File Types
SSD: System Specification Description. XML description of the entire system.
SCD: Substation Configuration Description. XML description of a single substation.
ICD: IED Capability Description. XML description of items supported by an IED.
CID: Configured IED Description. XML configuration for a specific IED.

20. Sampled Measured Values
A method for transmitting sampled measurements from transducers such as CTs, VTs, and digital I/O.
Enables sharing of I/O signals among IEDs
Supports 2 transmission methods:
Multicast service (MSVC) over Ethernet
Unicast (point-to-point) service (USVC) over serial links.

21. SMV Application

22. IEC61850 Controls 4 Control Models:
Direct Control with normal security
SBO Control with normal security
Direct Control with enhanced security
SBO Control with enhanced security
Enhanced Security provides validation and supervision of the control action and reporting of status.

23. IEC61850 Profiles

24. Relationship to UCA2 CASM GOMSFE
IEC (Services and base data types)
IEC (Mapping to MMS)
IEC (Common Data Classes)
GOMSFE
Bricks
IEC (Logical Nodes)

25. Terminology UCA2.0 IEC61850 GOMSFE CDC CASM ACSI Brick Logical Node
GOOSE
IEC61850
CDC
ACSI
Logical Node
Generic Substation Status Event (GSSE)

26. UCA2 vs. 61850 Object Models Data Object Model Data Set Model
Association Model
Server Model
Unbuffered Reporting Model
Security Model
Time Model
Direct and SBO Control
GSSE (called GOOSE in UCA2)
Data Object Model
Data Set Model
Association
Server
Unbuffered and Buffered Reporting
No explicit Security
Time
Direct, SBO, enhanced Control
GOOSE, GSSE, and GSE Management

27. UCA2  IEC61850 Migration UCA2.0 is mostly a subset of IEC61850.
Some additional services and objects.
Some object changes.
IEC61850 uses SNTP for networked time synch.
An IEC61850 client can be compatible with both UCA2 and IEC61850.

28. SIPSEP 2004 Communications Panel Session
Benefits of IEC61850
SIPSEP 2004 Communications Panel Session
Ralph Mackiewicz
SISCO, Inc.
Ralph Mackiewicz
Vice President, Sales & Marketing
SISCO, Inc.
½ Mile Road
Sterling Heights, MI USA
Tel:
Fax:
URL:

29. Keys to Obtaining Benefits
Requires a view of cost beyond just the purchase price.
The benefit of an IEC61850 device is not in the price of the device: Benefit is in lower cost to use the device.
The benefit of an IEC61850 system is not in buying the system: Benefit is in lower costs to start and use the system.
There is more to a system than the cost of its purchase

30. IEC61850 is Unique Not a recast serial RTU protocol
Designed specifically for LANs to lower life cycle cost to use a device:
Cost to install, configure, and maintain
Real object-oriented approach for SA:
Supports standardized device models using names instead of object/register numbers and indexes.
Standardized configuration language (SCL).
Feature rich with support for functions difficult to implement otherwise.

31. IEC61850 Network Architecture
Data from IEDs available to all applications via network.
Communications unaffected when adding devices or applications.
Standard net. gear provides high perf. & flexibility with environmental protection.
Applications and IEDs share common:
Protocols
Data Format and Context
Data Addressing/naming Conventions
Configuration Language
Network forms a single virtual network to all data for all applications.
Can leverage rapidly developing technologies in fiber, wireless, high-speed copper, etc
There are some environmental issues that must be addressed to use networks in substation particularly subzero centigrade equipment in northern climates.
Even gateways that are used for legacy devices support a standard convention to hide the proprietary stuff.

32. IEC61850 View of Devices
Only network addressing requires configuration in the remote client.
Point names portray the meaning and hierarchy of the data.
Point names can be retrieved from the device automatically without manual intervention.
All devices share a common naming convention.
Device configurations can be exchanged using IEC (SCL) files
With a little training, anyone can recognize how to read a GOMSFE point name and it always means the same thing.
Automatic retrieval of point names is a key feature.

33. Benefits of IEC61850
High-level services enable self-describing devices & automatic object discovery saving $$$$$ in configuration, setup and maintenance.
Standardized naming conventions with power system context eliminates device dependencies and tag mapping saving $$$$ in config., setup, and maintenance.
Standardized configuration file formats enables exchange of device configuration saving $$$$ in design, specification, config., setup, and maint.

34. Benefits of IEC61850
Higher performance multi-cast messaging for inter-relay communications enables functions not possible with hard wires and save $$$$ in wiring and maintenance.
Multi-cast messaging enables sharing of transducer (CT/PT) signals saving $$$$ by reducing transducers and calibration costs.

35. Justification
Installation of legacy systems is becoming infeasible because IT organizations can’t support these systems anymore. AND: how long do you have to wait for the local phone company to install a new phone line? What does all that waiting cost?
Equip/app migration: Adding a point to be monitored requires all intervening equipment to be reconfigured
Flexibility and Capability allow applications to be built that simply can’t be done with some legacy systems

36. Thank You Ralph Mackiewicz SISCO, Inc. 6605 19½ Mile Road
Sterling Heights, MI USA
Tel: x103
Fax:
Complete presentations and papers will be posted at: