1. Knowledge for business Lost in Ambient Intelligence Jasper Lindenberg lindenberg@tm.tno.nl +31 (0)346 356 264

2. 2005TNO Defence, Security and Safety2 Introduction Who am I? What is CACTUS? Joint TU-Delft (EWI&IO) & TNO project Context Aware Communication, Terminal and User Ad-Hoc Networks Intelligent Terminals & Environments

3. 2005TNO Defence, Security and Safety3 Experiment - Service Identification and Selection Problem: identifying and addressing services in large-scale ad- hoc environments. Compare two solutions: Ask Interface vs. Select Interface which solution is: more effective more efficient more trustworthy has a better user experience creates better overall service awareness Outline: Technical Environment Experimental set-up Results Conclusion.

4. 2005TNO Defence, Security and Safety4 Client - Ask Interface

5. 2005TNO Defence, Security and Safety5 Client - Select Interface

6. 2005TNO Defence, Security and Safety6 Technical Environment Home Office Gallery Control-room Services

7. 2005TNO Defence, Security and Safety7 Available Services Lighting Video Audio Washing machine Coffee machine Email Calendar Route planner Weather information News Information about paintings Alarm handling Information about Painters Heating Curtains Restaurant information Shops Painting Seller Delivery service Pizza ordering service Squash/Fitness center Timer Movie recommender etc.

8. 2005TNO Defence, Security and Safety8 Test Leader - Main Console

9. 2005TNO Defence, Security and Safety9 Ask-interface walkthrough User Control

10. 2005TNO Defence, Security and Safety10 Select-interface walkthrough UserControl

11. 2005TNO Defence, Security and Safety11 Experiment - outline & measurements Between subjects design (Female & Male balanced) Introduction Generic Questionnaire Locus of Control Scenario/Tasks Valence/Arousal (6 x during tasks) Trust Questionnaire Service Awareness Assessment Usability Questionnaire SAM - Valence SAM - Arousal

12. 2005TNO Defence, Security and Safety12 Experiment - participants N = 19 (8 Female, 11 Male) Education = HBO+ Age = average 23 (min = 18 ; max = 28) Internet experience: high Computer experience: average Mobile device experience: average

13. 2005TNO Defence, Security and Safety13 Results (1) - Number of correct tasks Ask Interface (A) vs. Direct Control Interface (S)

14. 2005TNO Defence, Security and Safety14 Results (2) - Number of correct tasks Female vs. Male

15. 2005TNO Defence, Security and Safety15 Results (3) - Number of correct tasks A/DC * M/F

16. 2005TNO Defence, Security and Safety16 Results (4) - total time Same trend, but no significant results.

17. 2005TNO Defence, Security and Safety17 Results (5) - LOC & gender

18. 2005TNO Defence, Security and Safety18 Results (6) - User Remarks You become dependent of the device A good system for lazy people (+/-) Lost in the structure (Select Interface) Ordinary language use is nice, but current understanding is too limited No alternative solution (Ask Interface) Device is not small enough Quick (solution), slow (hard- & software) Overkill for switching on the light Not enough overall services (turn of all the appliances)

19. 2005TNO Defence, Security and Safety19 Conclusion Ask interface in combination with context information (history, location, gaze) seems a valid solution. Select interface prevents a dead-lock situation. A combination should contain an ask-interface for general use and a select interface component for dead-lock situations. Context-Awareness proves to be a difficult concept in practice. Service Awareness remains limited to the used services.

20. 2005TNO Defence, Security and Safety20 The End For more information: lindenberg@tm.tno.nl