1. Extinction of Conditioned Behavior Effects of Extinction Extinction and Original Learning Paradoxical Effects in Extinction

2. Effects of Extinction Extinction involves omitting the US or reinforcer  CS alone, no US  R alone, no outcome Two main effects of extinction procedures on behavior  responding decreases  response variability increases

3. Extinction and Original Learning Spontaneous Recovery Rapid Reacquisition Renewal Reinstatement

4. Spontaneous Recovery CS1 – US CS2 – US Acquisition Extinction 1Extinction 2 Wait Test CS2 – noth CS1 ? CS2 ? CS1 – noth 2 weeks Longer wait after extinction, more spontaneous recovery

5. Spontaneous Recovery Shows importance of passage of time

6. Renewal Context A PairingsExtinction CS Test Context AContext B A return to the context of acquisition after extinction of the CR in a different context causes CR recovery (ABA renewal) No Extinction Context A

7. Renewal

8. Mechanisms Subjects turn to the context to disambiguate the meaning of the CS –CS->US in acquisition (A) –CS->no US in extinction (B) Inhibitory association is specific to Context B? –A change in context after extinction of the CR causes CR recovery (ABA renewal) –ABC causes renewal, which suggests a return to Context A is not necessary –AAB renewal –ABC renewal is normally weaker than ABA renewal, so a return to the context of acquisition may play some role

9. Reinstatement Context A PairingsExtinction CS Test Context A A return of contextual excitation reinstates the extinguished CR Context A Context B US alone

10. Reinstatement

11. Acquisition with Differing Percentage Schedules Speed Day 100% 80/50/30%

12. Extinction with Differing Percentage Schedules Speed Day 80% 50% 30% 100%

13. Explanations Mowrer-Bitterman Discrimination Hypothesis Amsel’s Frustration Theory (Emotional) Capaldi’s Sequential Theory (Cognitive)

14. Theios Experiment PHASE 1PHASE 2EXT G1100%0% G2100% 0% G350%100%0% G450%-0%

15. Extinction Experiment Extinction Trials Speed G1, G2 100% PHASE 1PHASE 2EXT G1100%0% G2100% 0% G350%100%0% G450%-0% G3, G4 50%

16. Amsel’s Frustration Theory

17. 100% Reinforcement Group

18. Amsel’s Frustration Theory 50% Reinforcement Group

19. Amsel (extinction data) Extinction Trials Speed 100% 50%

20. Amsel EXT BETWEEN SUBJECT GROUP 1 T  F 100% T- GROUP 2 N  F 50% N- WITHIN SUBJECT TRIALS 1,3,6…. T  F 100% T- TRIALS 2,4,5…. N  F 50% N-

21. Sequential Theory Memory of past nonreinforced responding during reinforcement –Number of NR transitions –Maximum N length –Variability of N length