1. JYC: CSM17 BioinformaticsCSM17 Week 10: Summary, Conclusions, The Future.....? Bioinformatics is –the study of living systems –with respect to representation, organisation, manipulation, distribution, maintenance and use of information

2. JYC: CSM17 Bioinformatics includes... computer applications in biology IT and IS for management & analysis of biological data –e.g. classification/identification systems, databases, development of analysis tools computational molecular analysis, molecular biology –DNA, RNA, protein amino acid sequences simulations of biological systems artificial intelligence, neural networks

3. JYC: CSM17 Week 2: Biological Classification fundamental concepts –taxon, species, genus traditional methods –based on ‘expert’ opinion nomenclature (naming) –type concept, type specimens, descriptions taxonomy & systematics cluster analysis / numerical taxonomy

4. JYC: CSM17 Week 3: Biological Identification a fundamental activity traditional methods - keys special problems –variation, availability of data –information content computer-based methods –DELTA

5. JYC: CSM17 Week 4: Evolutionary systems evolution and phylogeny historical systems modern methods tools and software –PHYLIP

6. JYC: CSM17 Week 5: DNA and Genetics genetics, Gregor Mendel and his peas cell structure –mitochondria –chloroplasts DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) –nucleotide bases –A, C, G, T transcription (reading the DNA template) –producing messenger RNA (mRNA) –A, C, G and U (replaces T in RNA)

7. JYC: CSM17 Week 6: DNA, RNA and Proteins translation (mRNA -> protein) –tRNA builds up protein –one amino acid at a time protein structure –primary (AA sequence) –secondary (e.g. spiral, helix) –tertiary (complex folding)

8. JYC: CSM17 Week 7: Molecular Analysis: Sequence alignment –for comparison, identification Multiple sequence alignment –cladistic analysis of molecular sequences

9. JYC: CSM17 Week 8: Simulations #1: genetic algorithms (GAs) evolutionary computation –simulate sexual reproduction in populations –using ‘chromosomes’ and crossover

10. JYC: CSM17 Week 9: Simulations #2: plant morphology –leaves, branching, phyllotaxis fractals virtual reality –Lindenmayer systems

11. JYC: CSM17 Week 10: Conclusions and summary: Is Life an Information System??? Revision