1. W. M. Keck Observatory Keck Next Generation AO Next Generation Adaptive Optics Irvine Meeting September 14, 2006 P. Wizinowich for NGAO Executive Committee

2. Keck NGAO 9/14/06 NGAO Irvine Meeting 2 Welcome - Participants In-Person Participants –NGAO Executive Committee: Rich Dekany, Don Gavel, Claire Max, Peter Wizinowich –Sean Adkins, Aaron Barth, Antonin Bouchez, Andrea Ghez, Mike Liu, Chris Neyman Telecon Attendees: –Brian Bauman, Matthew Britton, Jason Chin, Ralf Flicker, Bruce Macintosh, Franck Marchis, Knut Olsen, Viswa Velur –Unconfirmed – Richard Ellis, Erik Johansson, Stephan Kellner, James Larkin, Junichi Meguro, Chuck Steidel

3. Keck NGAO 9/14/06 NGAO Irvine Meeting 3 Goals of Today’s Meeting Finalize the System Engineering Management Plan for the NGAO system design phase Map out the science case requirements development plan Map out the performance budget development plan The above 3 goals are part of the process of identifying the path to a system design

4. Keck NGAO 9/14/06 NGAO Irvine Meeting 4 Meeting Agenda 08:20 Welcome (Wizinowich) 08:30 Project Management (Wizinowich) 11:00 Science Team Management (Max) 12:00 Lunch at Faculty Club 13:00 Science Requirements & Performance Budgets (All) 16:30 Wrap up & Action Items 17:00 End

5. Keck NGAO 9/14/06 NGAO Irvine Meeting 5 Meeting Agenda – Science Requirements & Performance Budgets 1:00 Introduction to Goals & Approach 1:10 Plan to Develop System Requirements thru 1) Science Cases & 2) Performance Budgets Sample Cases: 1:45 Galactic Center & Astrometry Budget (Ghez, Wizinowich) 2:15 Debris Disks & Binary Brown Dwarfs & Companion Sensitivity Budget (Liu, Macintosh, Neyman) 2:45 Break 3:00 Crowded Fields &/or Resolved Stellar Populations & Photometry Budget (Max, Dekany) 3:30 High Redshift Universe & Encircled Energy Budget (Max) 4:00 Simulations & Assumptions (Neyman)

6. W. M. Keck Observatory Keck Next Generation AO NGAO System Design Phase System Engineering Management Plan P. Wizinowich for NGAO Executive Committee

7. Keck NGAO 9/14/06 NGAO Irvine Meeting 7 Presentation Sequence Background System Design (SD) Phase Review/discuss the System Engineering Management Plan (SEMP) for the SD phase of the NGAO project

8. Keck NGAO 9/14/06 NGAO Irvine Meeting 8 Background NGAO Proposal –Presented at 6/21/06 SSC meeting –Well received by SSC & Observatory management –CARA Board approved proceeding with the system design (SD) phase NGAO Executive Committee (EC) –Established by Observatory Directors to manage the NGAO SD phase –Peter Wizinowich (EC chair), Rich Dekany, Don Gavel, Claire Max (NGAO science team chair) SD Phase System Engineering Management Plan (SEMP) –Document describing how the EC plans to manage the SD phase –Will be submitted to the Observatory Directors on 9/29/06 for approval

9. Keck NGAO 9/14/06 NGAO Irvine Meeting 9 System Design Phase Section 3.1 & 8 of SEMP Initial design phase (precedes the preliminary design phase) “The principle objective of a system design is to establish a design approach that meets the scientific and user requirements established for the system. System design will establish a discipline integrated engineering plan for the proposed design, understand the technical risks, explore trade-offs, and determine estimates for performance and cost to completion.” Key deliverables: –System Requirements Document –System Design Manual –System Engineering Management Plan –System Design Report

10. Keck NGAO 9/14/06 NGAO Irvine Meeting 10 Planning Assumptions Budget –NGAO proposal estimated $980k for SD phase –$600k currently available in WMKO FY07 budget (may change - NASA negotiating to buy 10 telescope nights/year in FY07-09) –Conclusions: No need to prepare funding proposals during SD phase Can accelerate SD phase once we reach FY08 Science Instruments –Will only be taken to a proposal level –Necessary to understand impact on NGAO system design & to provide a good starting point for instrument system designs

11. Keck NGAO 9/14/06 NGAO Irvine Meeting 11 Planning Approach Design process loop –Will begin anew & complete several iterations during SD Science Requirements Technical Implications Initial Concept Performance Assessment Repeat as required while making improvements & balancing trade offs

12. Keck NGAO 9/14/06 NGAO Irvine Meeting 12 Work Flow Approach 1.Initial focus will be on requirements & performance budgets to ensure we understand the largest levers on the design 2.Break down the requirements into functional requirements on the major systems (AO, LGS facility, operations tools & science instruments) 3.In parallel with 1 & 2, perform trade studies to better understand the appropriate design choices 4.Work on overall AO architecture & concepts for the major systems. Continue to iterate with the requirements & performance budgets. 5.Work on cost estimates & the plans for the NGAO project

13. Keck NGAO 9/14/06 NGAO Irvine Meeting 13 SD Phase - Work Breakdown Structure Each major WBS produces one of the 4 major deliverables of the SD Phase: 1 System Design Phase Management  System Design Report 2 System Requirements  System Requirements Document 3 System Design Approach  System Design Manual 4 System Engineering Management Plan  System Engineering Management Plan WBS dictionary defines each element in WBS (section 9)

14. Keck NGAO 9/14/06 NGAO Irvine Meeting 14 WBS 1 SD Phase Management 1.1 Planning & Contracting 1.2 Meetings 1.3 Tracking & Reporting 1.4 Funding Proposals 1.5 System Design Report & Review

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18. Keck NGAO 9/14/06 NGAO Irvine Meeting 18 MILESTONEDATEDESCRIPTION SD SEMP Approved10/9/06 Approval of this plan by the Directors. Initial SEMP version released to Directors for comment on 9/12 & final version on 9/29/06. SD phase contracts in place10/27/06 Contracts issued to Caltech & UCSC for the system design phase. System Requirements v1.0 Rel.10/27/06 Initial release of System Requirements with emphasis on the science requirements Individual Performance Budgets Released 2/16/07 First round of all performance budgets complete & documented System Requirement v2.0 Release3/9/07 Second release of System Requirements Initial Risk Analysis Released4/18/07 First round of project risk analysis complete & documented Trade Studies Complete6/16/07 All trade studies complete & documented System Requirement v3.0 Release6/29/07 Third release of System Requirements System Design Manual v1.0 Release 8/31/07 First release of System Design Manual System Design Manual v2.0 Rel.10/31/07 Second release of System Design Manual Cost Review Complete12/12/07 Project cost estimates complete, documented & internally reviewed SDR Package Distributed1/15/08 SDR documents sent to reviewers System Design Review2/4/08 SDR meeting SSC final SDR Report4/3/08 Final SD phase report including results of SDR

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20. Keck NGAO 9/14/06 NGAO Irvine Meeting 20 WBS 2 System Requirements 2.1 Science Requirements 2.2 Observatory Requirements 2.3 System Requirements Document

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24. Keck NGAO 9/14/06 NGAO Irvine Meeting 24 WBS 3 System Design Approach 3.1 System Engineering 3.2 AO System 3.3 Laser Facility 3.4 Operations Tools 3.5 Science Instruments 3.6 System Design Manual

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30. Keck NGAO 9/14/06 NGAO Irvine Meeting 30 WBS 4 System Engineering Management Plan 4.1 Project Plan 4.2 Risk Assessment & Management Plan 4.3 Preliminary Design Phase Plan 4.4 Integration & Test Plans 4.5 Configuration Management Plan 4.6 Project Management Plan 4.7 System Engineering Management Plan

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32. W. M. Keck Observatory Keck Next Generation AO System Requirements Development: Science Requirements & Performance Budgets P. Wizinowich for NGAO Executive Committee

33. Keck NGAO 9/14/06 NGAO Irvine Meeting 33 Science Requirements & Performance Budgets The science & user requirements drive the performance budgets & hence the design As a 1 st step we want to identify the biggest terms in the performance budgets & the biggest levers on the design Our approach for each performance budget: –Select the science case(s) that most drive the budget –Develop the science requirements from the science case –Develop the elements of the performance budget –Validate models & assumptions that have a big impact –Develop predictions from the budgets (i.e., PSFs, backgrounds, etc.) –Use predictions to test whether science case needs achieved –Iterate until science case & performance budget achieved Good iteration on the wavefront error budget produced for proposal. All other performance budgets need a 1 st iteration.

34. Keck NGAO 9/14/06 NGAO Irvine Meeting 34 Example: Wavefront Error Budget Science Case (typically under median conditions) AO mode SeeingField of View (arcsec) RMS Wavefront Error (nm) NGS mag or Sky Coverage at H-band "Best-conditions" narrow-field5 LGSSuperior2"9320% Io1 NGSMedian1"125m V = 5.5 Kuiper Belt Object (KBO)5 LGSMedian2"131m H = 15.75 Galactic Center (GC)5 LGSMedian10"182m H =8.8 (IRS7) Field Galaxies (sky-average)5 LGSMedian2"173 + 6 mas30% Field Galaxies (d-IFU case)5 LGSMedian2"173+30 mas90% GOODS-N Field5 LGSMedian2"218+16 mas20% of G-N GOODS-N Field (d-IFU case)5 LGSMedian2”H-band FWHM  50mas 75% of G-N

35. Keck NGAO 9/14/06 NGAO Irvine Meeting 35 Example: Wavefront Error Budget for KBO case

36. Keck NGAO 9/14/06 NGAO Irvine Meeting 36 Science Requirements Overview

37. Keck NGAO 9/14/06 NGAO Irvine Meeting 37 Science Requirements Overview

38. Keck NGAO 9/14/06 NGAO Irvine Meeting 38 Science Requirements Overview Prioritized List of Science Instruments Solar SystemGalacticExtragalactic 1. VIS Cam1. NIR Cam + coronagraph1. d-IFU-NIR: R~3000 2. NIR Cam2. IFU-NIR: R~100, 30002. NIR Cam 3. IFU-NIR: R~400-10003. VIS Cam3. IFU-VIS: R~5000 4. Thermal NIR Cam 4. VIS Cam 5. IFU-VIS: R~400-10005. IFU-VIS: R~100, 30005. Thermal NIR Cam 6. d-IFU-NIR

39. W. M. Keck Observatory Keck Next Generation AO Astrometry Performance Budget P. Wizinowich

40. Keck NGAO 9/14/06 NGAO Irvine Meeting 40 Current Keck AO Astrometry Performance Galactic Center – 250  arcsec with NIRC2 (Ghez) < 20  arcsec spectro-astrometry precision with NIRC2 (Ireland)

41. Keck NGAO 9/14/06 NGAO Irvine Meeting 41 Predicted Keck Interferometer Astrometry Performance Differential Interferometric Astrometry –Angle = OPD/Baseline –Assumptions: IRS7 for phase referencing, K=16 science object, 20 min integration Goals: –100  arcsec for exoplanets –30  arcsec for Galactic Center PTI demo: –10  arcsec for <4 th mag binaries separated by  1” Error TermRMS error (µas) Atmosphere - turbulence9.72 Atmosphere - dispersion8.51 Baseline - noise6.59 Baseline - solution2.31 Metrology - sampling4.85 Metrology - alignment5.10 Metrology - laser stability1.46 Metrology - thermal6.07 Fringe detection - non-linearities8.49 Photon noise - reference target0.09 Photon noise - science target5.58 Total rms error =20.18

42. Keck NGAO 9/14/06 NGAO Irvine Meeting 42 AO Astrometry Performance Budget As a starting point What other terms should be considered? What is needed for the Galactic Center? Error TermRMS error (µas) Atmosphere - turbulence Atmosphere - dispersion AO distortion Camera distortion Centroiding Photon noise - reference target Photon noise - science target Total rms error =