1. Degree of Smartness Contributions from: Ville Harkke, Minna Kallio, Jonas Karlsson, Antonina Kloptchenko, Vladimir Kvassov, Pär Landor, Shuhua Liu, Ruggero Rossi de Mio, Haiyi Zhang 26.10. 2001

2. Degree of Smartness Smartness in general and its meaning to IT Smartness Qualities/Capabilities Degree of Smartness: the five levels

3. What is Smartness? The Oxford English Dictionary Sharp discipline; Severity (of something); strict or sterness; Vivacity (quickness and liveliness) and wit in conversation or writing; Trimness or fashionableness in dress, etc. Briskness, activity, alertness. Neatness of dress and person combined with brisk orderly bearing. Extreme cleverness or shrewdness, esp. for one's own advantage.

4. Smartness of IT/IS: Qualities (1) Knows about itself: what it can do and what it can not do. Can sense what is happening Can react fast enough and properly Can accomplish the same task with less resources or achieve specified goal with the least effort Can understand people & even know them well Easy to use

5. Smartness of IT/IS: Qualities (2) Can take inititives instead of just following orders Runs and functions smoothly, without problems and utilising the easiest way to solve a problem. Can determine the right actions to solve rising problems and questions Can deal with unspecific situations (unknown situations?)

6. Smartness of IT/IS: Capabilities Logical reasoning: yes General knowledge: yes Memory: yes Ability to recognize analogies: yes Ability to see relations among concepts: yes Ability to identify exceptions: yes Intuition: impossible Visual apprehension: not basic Math skills: not smartness? Computational speed: smartness/not smartness? Ability to think: impossible?

7. Degree of Smarness: the Different Levels Not Smart / Dumb / Dull Kind of Smart / So-So Smart / Slightly Smart Smart Very Smart Outstandingly Smart / Really Smart Highest Level of Smart

8. Not Smart / Dull / Dumb Systems is able to process data but can not solve the problems for those it was designed or build inability to achieve the specified goal no matter how much efforts is made

9. Slightly Smart / So-So Smart / Kind of Smart / Not Very Smart / The most basic level of smartness - must have capabilities: have enough knowledge know the rules to handle it correctly able to solve the problems it was designed for by choosing the algorithms implemented in it can achieve specified goal but with great effort, certain difficulties and risk of failure can consolidate input data in to a form that can be used.(by a system or whatever)

10. Smart The Second Level - must have capabilities: can achieve specified goal with the least effort independence (autonomous) can operate with imprecise or incomplete data can recognize patterns in data. can find hiddent pattern of input

11. Very Smart Third Level - must have capabilities: can identify the relevant algorithm and data to solve the particular real-world problems, by the means of the algorithms that were particularly assigned to the presented types of problems. can find hiddent pattern of input can define the right goal and to achieve it with the least effort can recognize patterns that are similar in non- predetermined ways.

12. Outstandingly Smart / Really Smart Fourth Level - must have capabilities: can create the new algorithm and notice new pattern in the data, that were not observed earlier, so that they can be used into solving the next problems. can comment on the difference between the presented problem and the reference problems the system has an algorithms for. can suggest models or solutions to imprecisely defined situations, and to compare the models with each other.

13. Highest Level of Smart Can recognize complex concepts based on various types of data, including the application's own ability to solve the problem at hand. Able to point out what is missing from the data or the application's abilities (and to try and find the needed components - requires a vast knowledge base of what does exist

14. Degree of Smartness: Formal Definitions Given a domain D and a set S = {1, 2, 3, 4,5}. A function f : D  S For every x  D, f (x) = 1 if 0   0.2 f (x) = 2 if 0.2   0.4 f (x) = 3 if 0.4   0.6 f (x) = 4 if 0.6   0.8 f (x) = 5 if 0.8   1. 0 Here, 1 stands for most basic level of smartness (Dumb) 2 stands for medium smart 3 stands for somewhat smart 4 stands for smart 5 stands for the highest level of smartness

15. More on Smartness Tarja Meristö and CoFi group similar discussion next week