1. Alternative Fuels

2. Table of content 1. Bio diesel 2. Hybrid drive 3. Gas cell 4. Natural gas

3. 1. Bio diesel 1.1 Advantages concerning diesel: less soot during burning less emissions, but the same amount of toxins sulfur-free easily biologically degradable 1.2 Disadvantages concerning diesel: only available on 1900 gas stations destruction of landscapes to produce bio petrol raising the price of foods, which are used for the production

4. 1.3 Production of bio petrol:

5. 2. Hybrid drive 2.1 Definition: hybrid drive represents the combination of different drive principles or different energy sources in order to drive 2.2 Kinds of Hybrid drive: Micro-Hybrid: had exclusive starting-stop functionality with a portion of recuperation for the electrical system Mild-Hybrid: the propeller serves only for the support of the main drive form Full-Hybrid: everyone of the possible drive forms acted autonomously besides there are intermediate forms

6. 2.3 Function mode of hybrid drives: surplus energy is used to charge the battery during accelerate both motors propels the axle In the case of breaking a part of the brake energy is led back into the battery. If there’s no or only a little drive power needed, the combustion engine is switched off completely. by combination of the two engines: 10-20 % faster acceleration

7. 3. Gas cell 3.1 Structure of a gas cell: consists of two electrodes, which are separated by a diaphragm or an electrolyte anode is washed around with fuel and the cathode with oxidizing agent the fuel, usually hydrogen, is oxidized and the oxidizing agent (Oxygen, hydrogen peroxide or Kaliumcyanat) is reduced

8. 3.2 Procedure in a gas cell: Anode:(Oxidation/electron delivaration) 2H 2 + 4H 2 O  4H 3 O + + 4e - Cathode: (Reduction/electron admission) O 2 + 4H 3 O + + 4e -  6H 2 O main reaction: (Redox reaction/cell reaction) O 2 + 2H 2  2H 2 O 3.3 Advantages of a gas cell: the specific advantages over cheap Diesel generators outweigh Gas cells are more easily and more efficiently than accumulators and more reliable and quieter than generators

9. 3.4 Use of a gas cell: Experts can imagine the use of the hydrogen cell particularly well, since hydrogen can be won by the employment of renewable energy sources or the employment of a biological gas facility. The oxygen can be supplied after being received from the terrestrial atmosphere. => from the developing water e.g. by electrolysis over a solar cell, hydrogen and oxygen can be led back the transformation of primary energy in hydrogen is more efficient than in electric energy => in a few years solar hydrogen economy could be dominating the energy industry economically

10. 4. Natural gas 4.1 Structure of natural gas vehicles: The tank is inserted at the lower surface of the car, so that no reservoir is lost This tank is connected by pipes with the engine, as with a normal car 4.2 Advantages of natural gas: cheaper than normal diesel (30%-50%) better consume values reduced oil tax Distance:- natural- und petrol tank= 300-400km - natural gas tank = 500 km => keeps up with distances of normal petrol cars

11. 4.4 Disadvantages of natural gas: - reserves are exhausted in 2071 - only over 600 natural gas stations in Germany