1. Save the World! What’s appropriate for global networking?

2. Where do we go from here? Networking costs money Market payback has driven network infrastructure Without networking, what do you do? Can you take part in the global market? Is networking a right? Who pays?

3. Pieces of the net Connections –Wiring, especially fiber, expensive –Wireless initially more expensive, less overall cost Routers –Expensive ones make network use efficient –Cheap ones, but not very efficient. QoS!

4. Bigger pieces Network backbone: –ATM infrastructure. REALLY expensive! But uses network more efficiently. –IP Gigabit infrastructure. Cheaper, but doesn’t go very far, doesn’t use network efficiently. Wiring expensive. –Dedicated WAN systems: Frame, T1, and more.

5. What do we want to do? Applications –E-mail –Browsing a web site –Creating a web site –Video/audio conferencing –Receiving small messages –Sending small messages

6. E-mail The usual way - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) over Internet links. Can be slow links. Older ways - E-mail via shortwave radio modems, dial-up to dial up networking, other radio systems.

7. Browsing a web site The usual way - HTTP via an Internet link Can be cached - Local (proxy) server stores pages, and passes them on to users. Synchronization technologies (Avantgo and more) can deliver pages for later browsing. Wireless web, voice web? Low bandwidth browsing.

8. Creating a web site The usual way - editing files online (UNIX) or uploading files to web sites. More advanced modern ways - XML creation of content. Can E-mail updated sites, especially if using XML. Experiments with updating web sites using XML for mountain climbing.

9. Receiving small messages Usual way - peer to peer chat clients, cell phones, etc. Can be VERY low bandwidth Multiple radio systems can carry the information from a big transmitter to a large region.

10. Transmitting small messages Same method: chat clients, cell phones. Still low bandwidth Need power at your end to send a signal a long distance.

11. How to get information around cheap Low-speed radio networking high-speed radio networking Satellite messaging Satellite network connectivity By foot!

12. Low-speed radio Often used in Amateur Radio Emergency use TNC - Terminal network controller CHEAP! $500. 1200 bps or 9600 bps. Long range. Messaging, GPS, other data packets.

13. Cheap high-speed radios IEEE 802.11b standard 11 Mbps over short range. 1 Mbps short. Can be extended to large range over flat terrain cheapish: $500- $1,500. Real Internet

14. Advanced Radios Extreme range High speed (4.5Mbps to 33+ Mbps) Able to handle yucky topography More expensive: $3000+ “Social Intranets”

15. Satellite solutions Satellite high- speed Internet: Expensive, but fast. Slow possible. Satellite phone services - dial up network and SMS. Satellite messaging - cheap two way SMS-like messages.

16. By Foot?! Can place content, deliver content, via CD-ROM/DVD-ROM, etc. Can update via messaging systems. Limited, but possible. Don’t knock it. The government does it!

17. Hybrid solutions Direct PC - high speed downlink of data from space. –Uses phone link back –Can use other routes back, like radio networks, maybe even SMS? –Has very high speed “package” delivery. –Small, cheap, easy to use.

18. What’s best? Up to you! Go build solutions. Different situations determine needs –Arctic different from here –Arctic different from Africa, Malaysia. –Different topography, needs, culture “Society Intranets” can help maintain culture. Internet can impact on culture. Who pays?