1. Myers’ EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed) Chapter 13 Psychological Disorders Modified from: James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers

2. Psychological Disorders  Psychological Disorder  “Harmful dysfunction” in which behavior judged to be:  Atypical  Disturbing  Maladaptive  Unjustifiable

3. Perspectives on Psychological Disorders  Medical Model  Concept that diseases have physical causes  Assumes “mental” illnesses diagnosed on basis of symptoms, treated & possibly cured through therapy, may include treatment in psychiatric hospital  Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective  Assumes that biological, socio-cultural, & psychological factors combine & interact to produce psychological disorders

4. Classifying Psychological Disorders  DSM-IV (DSM-IV-TR)  American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th Edition)  Widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

5. Anxiety Disorders  Distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety  Generalized Anxiety Disorder  Tense, apprehensive & in state of autonomic nervous system arousal

6. Anxiety Disorders  Panic Disorder  Minutes-long episode of intense dread  Experience terror & accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensation  Phobia  Persistent, irrational fear of specific object/situation  Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder  Unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) &/or actions (compulsions)

7. Dissociative Disorders  Conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, & feelings  Dissociative Identity Disorder (formerly multiple personality disorder)  Rare dissociative disorder in which exhibits 2 or more distinct & alternating personalities

8. Personality Disorders  Characterized by inflexible & enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning  Usually without anxiety, depression, or delusions  Antisocial Personality Disorder  Disorder in which exhibits lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends & family  May be aggressive & ruthless or clever con artist

9. Mood Disorders  Characterized by emotional extremes  Major Depressive Disorder  For no apparent reason, experience 2 or more weeks of depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, & diminished interest or pleasure in most activities

10. Mood Disorders  Manic Episode  Marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state  Bipolar Disorder (formerly manic- depressive disorder)  Alternate between hopelessness & lethargy of depression & overexcited state of mania

11. Schizophrenia  Schizophrenia (“split mind”)  Group of severe disorders characterized by:  disorganized & delusional thinking  disturbed perceptions  inappropriate emotions & actions  Positive vs. negative symptoms

12. Schizophrenia  Delusions  False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders  Hallucinations  Sensory experiences without sensory stimulation

13. Schizophrenia

14. Rates of Psychological Disorders