1. Depth Interviews

2. Funnel Method Funnel Method let respondent do all the talking let respondent do all the talking can be a diagnostic interview can be a diagnostic interview the idea is let the subject direct the interview the idea is let the subject direct the interview

3. Inverted Funnel: Specific to general Inverted Funnel: Specific to general You want to jog the interviewees memory You want to jog the interviewees memory You want to motivate a reluctant participant You want to motivate a reluctant participant You want to get specific facts before general impressions You want to get specific facts before general impressions

4. Interview Technique silent probe silent probe encouragement probe encouragement probe immediate elaboration immediate elaboration immediate clarification immediate clarification retrospective elaboration retrospective elaboration recapitulation probe recapitulation probe retrospective clarification retrospective clarification

5. Interview Technique echo probe echo probe reflective probe reflective probe interpretive probe interpretive probe summary probe summary probe mutation mutation

6. Interview Technique formulate question before speaking formulate question before speaking keep questions simple keep questions simple no preface no preface do not give respondent your lit review do not give respondent your lit review note taking controls flow note taking controls flow

7. Interview Issues avoid leading questions avoid leading questions avoid ritual agreement avoid ritual agreement monitor the universe of discourse monitor the universe of discourse

8. Universe of Discourse

9. Interview Issues avoid leading questions avoid leading questions avoid ritual agreement avoid ritual agreement monitor the universe of discourse monitor the universe of discourse observe body language observe body language convey expectation of cooperation convey expectation of cooperation avoid unprofessional statements avoid unprofessional statements

10. Who does this person have access to information that you want? does this person have access to information that you want? approaching interviewees & their organizations approaching interviewees & their organizations Relatives? Relatives?

11. When schedule when no competing demands schedule when no competing demands approach with attitude that their time is more important than yours approach with attitude that their time is more important than yours do not schedule too closely together do not schedule too closely together 45 minutes typical; 90 minutes longest 45 minutes typical; 90 minutes longest sequencing sequencing

12. Where respondent’s place of business respondent’s place of business respondent’s home respondent’s home neutral spot neutral spot

13. What Interview blueprint and guide - list research objective or research question, actual question and sample prompts (listing any specifics you would like to elicit) in table/chart form - list research objective or research question, actual question and sample prompts (listing any specifics you would like to elicit) in table/chart form Letter of Consent - provides the interviewee with confidence in the process; trust and rapport - provides the interviewee with confidence in the process; trust and rapportHardware - recorder, batteries, pens, pencils

14. The interview blueprint should guide you, not confine you

15. Sample Interview Blueprint

17. What interview guide interview guide questions simply worded questions simply worded listed in order listed in order key points of introduction & conclusion key points of introduction & conclusion leave space for notes leave space for notes

18. Sample Interview Guide

20. The interview blueprint and interview guides should serve as a road map. They can be used when you feel you are getting lost and to keep you focused on your destination….

21. But, remember, that sometimes the scenic route provides surprising discoveries. But, remember, that sometimes the scenic route provides surprising discoveries.

22. Interview Procedure phone ahead to confirm appointment phone ahead to confirm appointment when you arrive when you arrive reintroduce yourself and your study reintroduce yourself and your study explain how they were picked for study explain how they were picked for study confirm use of tape recorder confirm use of tape recorder explain confidentiality and explain that they can end interview at any point explain confidentiality and explain that they can end interview at any point start tape (if using) start tape (if using)

23. Interview Procedure when tape is rolling when tape is rolling say, “I’ve prepared some questions, but if they don’t seem to be hitting at the core of the issue, feel free to correct me” say, “I’ve prepared some questions, but if they don’t seem to be hitting at the core of the issue, feel free to correct me” start questions start questions if ask tape be turned off for one question, remember to start again after if ask tape be turned off for one question, remember to start again after after last question, always ask “Is there anything else you’d like to add? Anything you think I’m missing?” after last question, always ask “Is there anything else you’d like to add? Anything you think I’m missing?”

24. Interview Procedure after interview is over after interview is over don’t bolt…. don’t bolt…. thank them for their participation thank them for their participation say into tape recorder “the foregoing was an interview with Jane Doe (D-o-e) for project 43, date, time, location, by your name say into tape recorder “the foregoing was an interview with Jane Doe (D-o-e) for project 43, date, time, location, by your name turn off tape, but hang around making small talk — will often get best stuff yet, now that formal interview is over turn off tape, but hang around making small talk — will often get best stuff yet, now that formal interview is over once out of sight, debrief once out of sight, debrief

25. Interview Procedure Debrief Debrief check that tape has recorded properly check that tape has recorded properly tape is blank tape is blank background noise obscures portions of tape background noise obscures portions of tape reconstruct missing data — but distinguish in transcript between verbatim and reconstructed paraphrasing reconstruct missing data — but distinguish in transcript between verbatim and reconstructed paraphrasing record details (such as body language) not recorded on tape while still fresh in your memory record details (such as body language) not recorded on tape while still fresh in your memory note your own preliminary interpretations and ideas note your own preliminary interpretations and ideas

26. To Tape or Not to Tape Advantages Advantages more accurate and less distracting more accurate and less distracting better than relying on your memory better than relying on your memory excellent training tool for interviewer excellent training tool for interviewer Disadvantage Disadvantage one thing to tell you, another to go on permanent record one thing to tell you, another to go on permanent record worry about sound of their voice worry about sound of their voice worry who will hear tape worry who will hear tape

27. IF Using a Tape Recorder tell respondent who will have access to tape tell respondent who will have access to tape erase tape as soon as transcribed erase tape as soon as transcribed place recorder in obvious place place recorder in obvious place you can turn off/on; confirm working... you can turn off/on; confirm working... no question of subterfuge no question of subterfuge