1. 1Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expertDate © NDT expert - The ultimate control 2003 Shearography - NDT Capabilities

2. 2Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expertDate © NDT expert - The ultimate control 2003 The basic principles of the measurement method are interferometry and correlation techniques Interferometry is determination of fractional relative phase difference between light waves traversing different paths. Phenomena which can be measured are those which influence the phase of the light beams. In practice this is e. g. surface deformation

3. 3Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expertDate © NDT expert - The ultimate control 2003 The basic principles of the measurement method are interferometry and correlation techniques Digital Image Correlation is a data analysis method, which uses a proprietary mathematical correlation method to analyse digital image data taken while samples are subjected to mechanical stresses. Consecutive image captures taken during the testing phase will “show” a change in surface characteristics as the specimen is effected by the mechanical stresses imposed upon it.

4. 4Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expertDate © NDT expert - The ultimate control 2003 Non-destructive testing is the common use of shearography. The defects become visible on measuring their inhomogeneous deformation gradients. Depending on the spatial distribution of deformation the defect or the structure itself can be characterised. The rotor measurements show a dis-bond (left), a crack (right) and a structural transition (centre). Compare fringe density and distribution.

5. 5Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expertDate © NDT expert - The ultimate control 2003 Dynamic excitation is a special technique of isi-sys for non destructive testing. During the sweep the vibration modes are visible in real-time. The example (left) shows selected images of C-Si-C composite (sweep 1- 20kHz) with an in service dis-bond in the middle. Further data processing enables determination the mechanical properties of the defect area.

6. 6Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expertDate © NDT expert - The ultimate control 2003 Impact defect detection in carbon fibre composites (CFRP) by dynamic excitation The examples shows carbon fibre panel with impacts prepared by Airbus, Bremen. Similar carbon composites are used for the new Airbus A380.

7. 7Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expertDate © NDT expert - The ultimate control 2003 Impact defect detection in carbon fibre composites (CFRP) by dynamic excitation The defects are prepared by impacts of different energies. The defects become visible by dynamic excitation at their natural frequencies as show below. Defect visible at 17.873Hz Evaluated vibration mode

8. 8Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expertDate © NDT expert - The ultimate control 2003 Example of NDT by dynamic excitation applied on GLARE The examples shows a glare panel (size 500x500, see below) with de-bondings (Ø60mm) prepared by Airbus Bremen. Glare is a combination of Aluminium plates with composite layers used for the new Airbus A380F. The defects (dis-bonds or delaminations) are prepared in different depth between the aluminum plates. The defects become visible by dynamic excitation at their natural frequencies as show below by the supperposed measurement results.

9. 9Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expertDate © NDT expert - The ultimate control 2003 Illuminated object Birefringent element Polarizer Lens CCD Image processing Loading: Thermal Vacuum – pressure Vibration Mechanical Shearography principle recall

10. 10Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expertDate © NDT expert - The ultimate control 2003 Comparaison : TV-Holographie and Shearographie Typical shearographic result - - - Initial position _____ After-stress position  Measured value  x Shear length Typical TV-holography result Shearography principle recall

11. 11Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expertDate © NDT expert - The ultimate control 2003 R EPORTING S IZING L OCALIZATION Monitoring on Optical disc – useful on serialised parts FOLLOW UP Shearography - Capabilities

12. 12Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expertDate © NDT expert - The ultimate control 2003 Shearography - Capabilities Example of images obtained with thermal Loading

13. 13Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expertDate © NDT expert - The ultimate control 2003 X-ray result Shearographic Images with two perpendicular shear directions DAMAGE TYPE DETECTED – Honey comb junctions dislocation Shearography - Capabilities

14. 14Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expertDate © NDT expert - The ultimate control 2003 unbounding DAMAGE TYPE DETECTED – Metal/metal edges unbounding Top view Profile view Shearography - Capabilities

15. 15Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expertDate © NDT expert - The ultimate control 2003 ON C ONCORDE Positioning and sizing tool Shearography - Capabilities

16. 16Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expertDate © NDT expert - The ultimate control 2003 DAMAGE TYPE DETECTED – Adhesive craking under impact Shearography - Capabilities

17. 17Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expertDate © NDT expert - The ultimate control 2003 Shearography - Capabilities Example of vacuum loading

18. 18Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expertDate © NDT expert - The ultimate control 2003 Liquid ingress unbound DAMAGE TYPE DETECTED – Water or liquid ingress Shearography - Capabilities

19. 19Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expertDate © NDT expert - The ultimate control 2003 US-Laser System Shearographic system Thermographic system C omparative t ests Shearography - Capabilities

20. 20Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expertDate © NDT expert - The ultimate control 2003 Thermography Lock-In Shearography immediate(t) Shearography after 15 sc. (t’) US-Laser (Amplitude) US-Laser (time base) R esults of C omparative t ests Shearography - Capabilities

21. 21Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expertDate © NDT expert - The ultimate control 2003 US C-Scan Impacted Monolithc (CFRP) Displacement field Corrosion Detection Aluminium Alloys CF C-Scan Displacement field Shearography - Capabilities

22. 22Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expertDate © NDT expert - The ultimate control 2003 MIRA pressure vessel Filamentary wounded (Al- GFRP) Ageing control Delamination detection Old New Procedure Control – Diagram of the part to be inspected Shearography - Capabilities Pressurized material control

23. 23Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expertDate © NDT expert - The ultimate control 2003 Benefits: Contact less Global method, Good sensitivity, Real time inspection, Quicker than most of the NDI methods, Working on all type of materials and structures, Numerical acquisition give rise to efficient follow up, New type of damage are now detectable without opening the structure… The keys of the efficiency are in the selection of the loading and the implementation Conclusions Shearography - Capabilities